Fluids And Electrolytes Made Ie - Balancing Fluids

Front 1

The most obvious and life-threatening problems are seen when?

Back 1

dehydration decreases the plasma volume

Front 2

Dehydration results in?

Back 2

fluid volume deficit

Front 3

Define isotonic dehydration?

Back 3

water and dissolved electrolytes are lost in equal proportions

Front 4

Define hypertonic dehydration?

Back 4

water loss is greater than electrolyte loss

Front 5

Define hypotonic dehydration?

Back 5

electrolyte loss is greater than water loss

Front 6

What happens to circulating blood volume in isotonic dehydration?

Back 6

*circulating blood volume decreases (hypovolemia) and leads to inadequate tissue perfusion
*loss of plasma volume causes problems

Front 7

In hypotonic dehydration, what is the relationship between plasma, interstitial fluid, and cells?

Back 7

fluid moves out of plasma and interstitial space and into cells, causing cells to swell

Front 8

In hypertonic dehydration, what is the relationship between plasma, interstial fluid, and cells?

Back 8

fluid moves out of cells and into interstitial spaces and plasma, causing cells to shrink

Front 9

Common causes of hypertonic dehydration include?

Back 9

excessive sweating
hyperventilation
ketoacidosis
prolonged fevers
watery diarrhea
early-stage renal failure
diabetes insipidus
excessive sodium bicarbonate
administration
tube feedings
dysphagia
impaired thirst
unconsciousness
impaired motor function
systemic infection

Front 10

Common causes of hypotonic dehydration include?

Back 10

chronic illness
chronic renal failure
malnutrition
excessive fluid replacement

Front 11

Common causes of isotonic dehydration?

Back 11

hemorrhage
vomiting
diarrhea
profuse salivation
fistulas
abscesses
ileostomy
cecostomy
frequent enemas
profuse diaphoresis
burns
severe wounds
long-term NPO
diuretic therapy
GI suction

Front 12

Cardiovascular effects of dehydration?

Back 12

increased pulse rate
thready pulse quality
decreased blood pressure
postural (orthostatic)
hypotension
flat neck and hand veins in
dependent positions
diminished peripheral pulses
weight loss

Front 13

Respiratory effects of dehydration?

Back 13

increased repiratory rate
increased depth of
respirations

Front 14

Neuromuscular effects of dehydration?

Back 14

decreased cns activity
(lethargy to coma)
fever

Front 15

Renal effects of dehydration?

Back 15

decreased urine output
increased urine specific
gravity

Front 16

Integumentary effects of dehydration?

Back 16

skin dry and scaly
turgor poor, tenting present
mouth dry and fissured,
pastelike coating present

Front 17

Gastrointestinal effects of dehydration?

Back 17

constipation
decreased motility
diminished bowel sounds

Front 18

Hypotonic dehydration can result in?

Back 18

skeletal muscle weakness

Front 19

Hypertonic dehydration can result in?

Back 19

hyperactive deep tendon
reflexes
increased sensation of thirst
pitting edema

Front 20

___________ __________ area of an infant is greater than that of an adult relative to their respective _________ so infants ________ more _______from their skin than adults do and are at higher risk for ____________.

Back 20

Body surface
weights
water
dehydration

Front 21

Normal daily output and intake is about?

Back 21

2600 ml

Front 22

What is the daily output for
skin?

Back 22

600 ml

Front 23

What is the daily output for lungs?

Back 23

400 ml
(200 for each side)

Front 24

What is the daily output for kidneys (urine)?

Back 24

1500 ml

Front 25

What is the daily output for intestines (feces)?

Back 25

100 ml

Front 26

Daily total intake of liquids is?

Back 26

1500 ml

Front 27

Daily total intake of solid foods is?

Back 27

800 ml

Front 28

Daily total intake of water of oxidation?

Back 28

300 ml

Front 29

Examples of sensible losses are? They are so deemed because they are measurable.

Back 29

urination
defecation
wounds

Front 30

Examples of insensible losses because they can't be measured are?

Back 30

skin
lungs

Front 31

Define extracellular?

Back 31

interstitial and intravascular spaces

Front 32

Which structures separate intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids?

Back 32

capillary walls and cell membranes

Front 33

In an adult, the total amount of intracellular fluid averages ____ of the person's body weight or about _____ Liters

Back 33

40%
28

Front 34

The total amount of extracellar fluid averages ____ of the person's body weight or about _____ Liters.

Back 34

20%
14

Front 35

In adults, interstitial fluid (surrounds cells accounts for about ____ of extracellular fluid.

Back 35

75%

Front 36

In adults, intravascular (or plasma) accounts for about ____ of extracellular fluid.

Back 36

25%

Front 37

Transcellular fluids are other fluids besides extra and intracellular fluids and are located in which places?
(5)

Back 37

cerebrospinal column
pleural cavity
lymph system
joint
eyes

Front 38

About ______ of the body weight of a full-term neonate is water.

Back 38

80%

Front 39

About _____ of the body weight of a premature infant is water.

Back 39

90%

Front 40

In a typical 154 lb lean adult male, about _____ of body weight is water.

Back 40

60%

Front 41

_________ cells hold much of the body's water while _____ cells contain very little water.

Back 41

Skeletal
fat

Front 42

The body's fluids are found in these 3 types of solutions?

Back 42

isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic

Front 43

_________ _________ is considered isotonic because the concentration of ________
in the solution nearly equals the concentration of ________ in the blood.

Back 43

Normal saline
sodium
sodium

Front 44

Fluid imbalances occur in the elderly population because?

Back 44

their skeletal muscle mass declines.
(Skeletal muscle cells hold lots of water. The elderly are more prone to get fat cells which does not hold water.)

Front 45

After age 60, water content drops to about ______

Back 45

45%

Front 46

About _____ of body's total fluid volume is made up of plasma and remains stable through life.

Back 46

5%

Front 47

Define hypotonic solution?

Back 47

The first solution has a lower SOLUTE concentration than the second solution, so the fluid is going to flow to the second solution.
(So the first solution is hypotonic to the second solution.)

Front 48

Half-normal saline is considered ________ because the concentration of sodium is lower than the concentration in patient's blood.

Back 48

hypotonic

Front 49

Define hypertonic solution?

Back 49

The first solution has a higher SOLUTE concentration than the second solution, so the fluid is going to flow to the first solution. So the first solution if hypertonic to the second solution.)

Front 50

A solution of dextrose 5% in NS is considered ______ to patient's blood?

Back 50

hypertonic
(because the concentration of solutes in the NS is greater than the solutes in patient's blood.

Front 51

If a hypotonic fluid is given to a patient, it may cause too much fluid to move from the _________ into the ___________, and the __________will swell.

Back 51

veins
cells
cells

Front 52

If a hypertonic solution is given to a patient, it may cause too much fluid to be pulled from ______ into the ___________, and the cells may __________.

Back 52

cells
bloodstream
shrink

Front 53

Define diffusion?

Back 53

SOLUTES move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by passive transport, because no energy is used.