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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crystalloids; types
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Hypotonic
Isotonic Hypertonic |
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Crystalloids used for
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IV fluid replacement
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Colloids purpose
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Plasma expander
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Hypovolemia
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Decreased volume in the intravascular compartment
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Dehydration
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Losing more fluid than you take in. Body does not have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions.
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Edema
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Overabundance of water in the interstitial fluid spaces
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Hypervolemia
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Excess of fluid within the blood vessels (Water intoxication)
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Medication interventions for hypervolemia and edema
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Loop diuretic, thiazide diuretic, aldactone
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Lasix
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Loop diuretic; loses fluid sodium, chloride, and potassium.
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HZTZ Hydrochlolrthiazide
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Thiazine diuretic; Loses fluid, sodium, chloride, and potassium
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Aldactone
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Loses water, sodium, chloride and saves potassium
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List Cations
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Sodium
Potassium Calcium |
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Location of Sodium
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Extracellular Fluid
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Location of Potassium
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Intracellular Fluid
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Location of Calcium
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Extracellular fluid
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Purpose of cations
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Transport nerve impulses to muscles
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Types of anions
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Chloride
Phosphate/phosphorus Bicarbonate |
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mOsm/kg
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Osmoles or milliosmoles per kilogram of water
Measures osmotic pull exerted by particles (solutes) per unit of water. |
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Iso-osmolar fluid
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Same proportion of weight of particles and water
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Hypo-osmolar fluid
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Has fewer particles than water
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Hyper-osmolar fluid
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Has more particles than water.
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Normal sodium range
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135-145 mEq/L
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mEq/L
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milliequivalents of solute per liter of solvent
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What is sodium (purpose)
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Positively charged ion
Important regulator of nerve impulses Major determinant of plasma osmolality Measured in milliosmoles per kilogram |
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mOsm/kg
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milliosmoles per kilogram
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Daily requirement of sodium
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0.5 - 2.5 grams
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Hyponatremia
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Sodium level <135 mEq/L
Sodium deficiency in relation to amount of water in the body |
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What to look for in diagnostic tests for hyponatremia
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Sodium ,135 mEq/L
Osmolarity <280 mOsm/L Urine specific gravity; 1.010 |
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Normal sodium osmolarity
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275-300 mOsm/L
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Hypernatremia
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Sodium level >145 mEq/L
Excess of sodium relative to the amount of water in the body Hypertonic condition |
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Water deficit
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Hypernatremia - interstitial fluids becomes hypertonic, water leaves cells by osmosis and cells shrivel
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Normal potassium levels
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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Purpose of potassium
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Maintains cell's electrical neutrality
Aids in transmission and conduction of nerve impulses Assists skeletal and smooth muscle contraction Cardiac muscle electrical conductivity, controls rate and rhythm. 98% in ICF and 2% in ECF |
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Recommended daily intake
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40-60 mEq/L
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