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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most abundant ion of the body?
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Sodium
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Where is sodium mainly found in the body?
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Extracellular fluid
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What regulates osmolality?
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Sodium
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What is sodiums main job?
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To conduct nerve impulses
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What system regulates sodium balance?
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renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
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When do the kidneys excrete renin?
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When the blood pressure is low
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What does renin stimulate?
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Secretion of angiotnesin 1
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After angiotensin is secreted what does it convert to?
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angiotenesin II (vasoconstrictor, which increases BP)
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What does angiotensin II stimulate?
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Release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex.
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What does aldosterone cause the kidneys to do?
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Reabsorb sodium and fluid, and excrete potassium.
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What is the most common cause of hyponatremia?
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Water retention (hemodilution)
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When there is a cellular potassium deficit, what does sodium do?
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Increased sodium shifts into cells.
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If hyponatremia is caused by fluid volume excess what is the treatment?
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Water restriction/loop diuretics
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Nursing implications for hyponatremia
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-Monitor sodium levels
-Accurate I & o's -Monitor VS closely |
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If hyponatremia is accompanied by severe dehydration how will you expect the MD will treat this?
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Saline solution
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What is hemoconcentration?
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Not enough water on board.
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What can rapid infusion of ingestion of Sodium without time for adequate water ingestion cause?
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Hypernatremia
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Hypodipsia
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Impaired thirst
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What disorder increases serum osmolality, leading to cellular dehydration?
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Hypernatremia
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What are two major signs of dehydration?
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Decreased BP and increased HR
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What will a hypotonic solution do to sodium?
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Dilute it out.
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Why does total body potassium decrease with age?
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Because most of the potassium is found in muscle, and muscle tone decreases with age.
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What will potassium affect, whether it's too high or too low?
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The heart!
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What does aldosterone do?
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Stimulates reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
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What does insulin do to potassium?
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Causes it to move from ECF back into the cell.
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What maintains the resting potential within the cell?
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Sodium/Potassium pump -- high amounts of potassium and low amounts of sodiumq
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What is the most common cause of hypokalemia?
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Diuretics (really waste postassium)
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What type of imbalance promotes movement of potassium into the cells in exchange for oxygen?
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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What type of muscle is potassium abundant in?
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Cardiac
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Postural hypotension
ECG changes Dysrhythmias Cardiac s/s of what? |
Hypokalemia
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What MUST you do to oral solutions of potassium BEFORE administering?
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They MUST be diluted!
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If you are administering KCL to a pt with an irregular heart beat what must the rate be?
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25mL/hr over 4 hours
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How must you NEVER administer potassium?
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As a push.
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Foods that are high in potassium
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-Fresh fruits
-Veggies -Salt Substances |
