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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the circulating blood volume for dogs, cats, and horses?
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dogs =80-90mL/kg , cats=40-60mL/kg, and horses=80mL/kg
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crystalloid solutions contain what and are characterized by what?
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contain electrolytes and characterized by their osmolality compared to blood.
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types of crystalloids?
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hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic fluids
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what do hypotonic fluids do? and why?
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they swell the cells, provide water in greater proportions than electrolytes because its osmolality is less than that of blood.
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what are hypotonic fluids used for?
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treats hypernatremia and is ideal for patients with heart disease (due to their low tolerance for sodium)
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0.45% sodium chloride, normosol m and plasmalyte 56 are examples of what type of fluid?
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crystalloids-hypotonic
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when shouldn't you use hypotonic fluids?
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in burn victims, for resuscitation, or as a bolus. they do not increase vascular volume.
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what is the osmolality of blood?
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0.9%
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0.9% NaCl (normal saline), plasmalyte 148, LRS, and Normosol R are examples of what type of fluids?
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crysralloids-isotonic
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what do isotonic fluids do? and why?
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provide an equal amount of water and electrolytes because the osmolality is equal to that of blood.
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what are isotonic fluids used for?
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replacement of losses (due to blood loss, diarrhea, vomiting, ect), resuscitation, rehydration
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what are some precautions with isotonic fluids?
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can cause tissue edema and acid- base disturbances
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what do hypertonic fluids do and why?
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expand vascular volume&shrink cells ,they provide more electrolytes than water because its osmolality is greater than that of blood
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3% and 7% NaCl are examples of what kind of fluids?
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crystalloids- hypertonic
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what are hypertonic fluids used for?
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expansion of vascular volume (move fluid from in the cell into vascular space), treats hyponatremia, and cerebral edema.
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what are some precautions for hypertonic fluids?
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do not administer faster than 0.5-1mL/kg/min. (can trigger bradycardia) and use with caution in dehydrated patients.
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what are colloids made up of?
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they contain high molecular weight molecules suspended in a isotonic crystalloid
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hetastartch, vetastartch, and dextrans are examples of what type of fluid?
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colloids -synthetic
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plasma or albumin solutions are examples of what type of fluid?
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colloids - natural
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what are some precautions for colloids?
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synthetic colloids can cause coagulopathies, renal injury, and anaphylaxis.
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what are colloids used for?
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expanding vascular volume(effects last longer than crystalloid), resuscitation, treats hypoprotienemia.
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what is the resuscitation phase of fluid therapy used for?
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restore vascular volume to reverse hypovolemia and/or shock. amount given is based on the amount of vascular volume lost.
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patient's in hypovolemic shock generally lost how much blood volume?percent? dogs? horses? cats?
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30%. 24-30mL/kg (dogs and horses) and 12-18mL/kg (cats)
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what is the replacement phase of fluid therapy used for? whats most commonly used for this phase?
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replacement of ongoing loses, correction of dehydration, and maintain fluid requirements. isotonic crystalloids because fluid loses are assumed to be isotonic.
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how do you determine fluid deficit in a patient?
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multiply the weight of the patient (in kg) to the percent of dehydration of the patient (in decimal form for example 8%=0.08)
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where can fluids be administered?
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intravenous, intraosseous, and subcutaneous.
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what type of fluids is appropriate for subcutaneous administration?
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isotonic fluids-LRS and 0.9% NaCl
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where can intraosseous fluids be given?
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tibial tuberosity, trochanteric fossa of the femur, wing of the ilium, and the greater tubercle of the humerus.
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what are signs of hypoglycemia?
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weakness, seizures, ataxia, collapse, stupor, or muscle tremors.
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what type of fluid is acidifying?
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0.9% NaCl
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what type of fluids are alkalinizing?
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plasmalyte and LRS
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