Fluid & Electrolytes

Front 1

Na+ normal values?
Regulation by...

Back 1

135-145 mEq/L
ADH & Aldosterone

Front 2

K+ normal values

Back 2

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Front 3

What is Hyponatremia?

Back 3

Na greater then 135 Meq/L.
-excesive fluid

Front 4

Hyponatremia
Cause
S&S:
TX:

Back 4

-sewating, diuretics, excessive H2O
-Postural hypotension (shock), cold clammy skin
-0.9 NaCL IV/ Salty foods

Front 5

Hypernatremia-
Cause:
S&S:
TX:

Back 5

-more fluid lost then Na or + consumption of Na.
-dry mucouse membranes, +temp, thursty
-H2O or IV D5W

Front 6

Potassium (K+) normal values:
Regulated by:
Works in conjuction with:

Back 6

3.5-5.0mEq/L
Kidneys
Na+

Front 7

Hypokalemia:

Back 7

-less then 3.5mEq/L

Front 8

Hypokalemia:
Causes:
S&S:
Meds:

Back 8

-suctioning, renal, stress, lickerish/
-abd ht rhythm, anorexia, abdominal destention.
-PO: big pill, IV: burns (piggyback req)

Front 9

Hypokalemia:

Back 9

greater then 5.0 mEq/L

Front 10

Hypokalemia:
Causes:
S&S:
Mgmt:

Back 10

-unable to excrete in kidney failure.
-GI hyperactivity, cardiac arrhythmia.
-tx underlying problem.

Front 11

Acid-Base Imbalances:
Lungs control supply of....
(bicarb or carbonic acid)

Back 11

=carbonic acid (H2CO3)
=the more CO2 exhailed the more carbonic acid is removed

Front 12

Acid-Base Imbalances:
Kidneys:(bicarb/carbonic acid)
pH low:
pH high:

Back 12

=bicarbonate
=increase excretion of H+ ions & retains bicarb.
=saves H+ ions & excreates bicarb

Front 13

Acidosis:

Back 13

=pH less then 7.35
=+ blood carbonic acid or - blood bicarb

Front 14

Alkalosis:

Back 14

=pH greater then 7.45
+= blood bicarb or - carbonic acid

Front 15

Respiratory Alkalosis:
S&S:
TX:

Back 15

=too much CO2 exhailed.
=NUMBNESS/TINGLING of Extrimities, hyperventilation, unconsciousness
=paper bag, tx underlying cond

Front 16

Resoiratory Acidosis:

Back 16

-greater then 45mmHg.
-carbonic acid excess/cant exhail CO2, COPD pts
-hypoventilation, disoriention
-chest care;bronchodilaters & postual drainage

Front 17

Metabolic Acidosis:
Cause:
S&S:
TX:

Back 17

HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
=staration, renal impairment, DM, + acids.
=Kussmauls breaths (deep/rapid), disorentation, coma
=sodium bicarb IV, fluid/elec replacement

Front 18

Metabolic Alaklosis:
Cause:
S&S:
TX:

Back 18

=bicarb excess
=baking soda, nausia, GI suction
dizzy, numbness, tingling fingers & toes, TETANY (+muscle movement), convulsions