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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hyponatremia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
muscle twitching, muscle weakness, lethargy, confusion, seizure (late stages), nausea, vomiting, hypotension/tachycardia, oliguria. Diagnostic tests: <serum sodum <urine specific gravity |
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Hypernatremia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
agitation, restlessness, decreased level of consciousness, hypertension, tachycardia, edema/weight gain, thirst, rough tongue, dyspnea. Diagnostic Tests: >serum sodium |
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Hypokalemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
dizziness, hypotension, arrhythmias/EKG changes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness/leg cramps. Diagnostic Tests: <serum potassium metabolic alkalosis "U" wave on EKG |
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Hyperkalemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
EKG changes, nausea, diarrhea, muscle weakness. Diagnostic Tests: >serum potassium metabolic acidosis Tall "tented" T waves on EKG |
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Hypocalcemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
anxiety, irritability, twitching esp. around mouth, seizures (late), Chvostek's sign, Trousseau sign, hypotension, arrhythmias. Diagnostic Tests: <serum calcium EKG changes prolonged QT and ST segment. |
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Hypercalcemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
drowsiness, lethargy, headache, irritability, confusion, depression, weakness/muscle flaccidity, bone pain/pathological fractures, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dehydration. Diagnostic Tests: >serum calcium EKG changes: shortened QT interval. |
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Hypomagnesemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
Usually coexists with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia; hyperirritability, tetany, leg/foot cramps, +Chvostek's/Trousseau sign, confusion, hypotension. Diagnostic Tests: <serum magnesium. |
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Hypermagnesemia
(clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests.) |
Clinical Manifestations:
very uncommon (etiology: renal failure) or >intake of magnesium diminished reflexes, muscle weakness, respiratory distress, bradycardia/hypotension. Diagnostic Tests: >serum magnesium. |
