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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of body fluids
(4) |
Fluid amount (volume)
concentration (osmolality) Composition (electrolyte concentration) degree of acidity (pH) |
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FLUID
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water that contains dissolved or suspended substances such as glucose, mineral salts, and proteins
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2 fluid compartments are:
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ECF - extracellular fluid outside the cells (1/3 of bodys fluid)
ICF - intracellular fluid inside the cells (2/3 of bodys fluid) |
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ECF's major and minor divisions
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Major - INTRAVASCULAR fluid
Major - INTERSTITIAL fluid Minor - TRANSCELLULAR fluid |
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INTRAVASCULAR FLUID
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ECF - liquid portion of the blood (PLASMA)
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INTERSTITIAL FLUID
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ECF - located between the cells and OUTSIDE the blood vessels
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TRANSCELLULAR FLUID
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ECF - fluid within specialized cavities of the body
ex. spinal fluid, pleural (lungs), synovial (joints), peritoneal (belly) |
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ELECTROLYTES
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- minerals and/or salts
- substances whose molecules split when in water - measured in milliequivalents |
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ECFs in the body are:
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1. sodium (Na+) (MAJOR amt)
2. potassium (K+) 3. calcium (Ca2+) 4. magnesium (Mg2+) 5. chloride (Cl-) (MAJOR amt) 6. bicarbonate (HCO3-) 7. sulfate (SO4 2-) 8. phosphate (PO4 3-) |
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ICFs in the body are:
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1. potassium (K+) (MAJOR amt)
2. sodium (Na+) 3. magnesium (Mg2+) 4. phosphate (PO4 3-) (MAJOR amt) 5. protein (anion) 6. bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
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OSMOLALITY of a fluid is:
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the measurement of the number of particles per kilogram of water
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ISOTONIC
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fluids with the same osmolality as cell interior (blood)
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HYPOTONIC
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solutes are less concentrated than cell interior (blood)
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HYPERTONIC
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solutes are more concentrated than cell interior (blood)
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Bicarbonate HCO3- Normal Value
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Arterial: 22-26 mEq/L (22-26 mmol/L)
Venous: 24-30 mEq/L (24-30 mmol/L) |
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pH levels (arterial blood gases)
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7.35 - 7.45
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PaCO2 (arterial blood gases)
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35-45 mm Hg (4.7-6 kPa)
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PaO2 (arterial blood gases)
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80 - 100 mm Hg (10.7-13.3 kPa)
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O2 saturation (arterial blood gases)
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95%-100%
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Base excess (arterial blood gases)
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-2 to +2 mmol/L
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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active transport that moves Na+ out of a cell and K+ into a cell which =
ICF with lower Na+ than ECF ICF with higher K+ than ECF |
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Hydrostatic Pressure
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is the force of fluid pressing outward against a surface. (PUSH)
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colliods
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proteins in the blood such as albumin
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oncotic pressure
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inward pulling force caused by blood proteins that helps move fluid from the interstitial fluid back to the capillaries.
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edema
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edema is excess fluid in the interstitial space
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fluid distribution between ICF and ECF occurs with:
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osmosis
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fluid distribution between vascular and interstitial portions of ECF occurs with:
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filtration
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fluid output occurs through 4 organs:
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skin, lungs, GI tract and kidneys
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major regulator of fluid output is:
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the kidneys
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hormones that effect fluid output via kidneys are:
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ADH - antidiuretic hormone
RAAS - renin angiotensin aldosterone system ANPs - atrial natriuretic paptides |
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two types of fluid imbalances
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volume imbalances
fluid imbalances |
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volume imbalances are:
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the amount of fluid in the extracellular compartment
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osmalality imbalances are:
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the disturbances of the concentration of body fluids
1. hypernatremia 2. hyponatremia |
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hypovolemia
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decreased vascular volume (ECV deficit)
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hypernatremia
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water deficit, hypertonic, too concentrated
***cell shrivel*** loss of more water than salt OR gain of more salt than water |
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hyponatremia
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water excess, water intoxication, hypotonic
***cells swell*** gain of more water than salt OR loss of more salt than water |
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clinical dehydration =
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ECV deficit & hypernatremia
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