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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Total body water in 70kg male |
42l - 60% of body weight |
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Volume of ICF in 70kg male - fraction |
28l
- 2/3 |
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Volume of ECF in 70kg male - fractions |
14l - 1/3 |
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Components of ECF - fractions |
- plasma: 5l (1/9) - interstitial fluid: 9l (2/9) |
2 |
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Daily water requirements for a 70kg male - per hour |
2.5-3l - 1.5ml/kg/hr |
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Daily sodium requirements for a 70kg male
- per hour |
70-140mmol - 1-2mmol/kg/hr |
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Daily potassium requirements for a 70kg male - per hour |
35-70 (60) mmol - 0.5mmol/hr/kg |
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Minimal obligatory volume of urine per day - per hour |
1l - 0.5ml/kg/hr (35ml) |
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Types of IV fluids
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Colloids Crystalloids - Hartmann's solution, aka Ringer's lactate - normal saline - 5% dextrose |
4 |
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Normal saline (NaCl 0.9%) components |
Distributed throughout all ECF (isotonic), so only 1/3 enters plasma - sodium: 154mmol - chloride: 154mmol Causes hyperchloraemic acidosis in excess and places a load on the kidneys |
2 |
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Hartman's solution components |
Most physiological fluid and used for replacing plasma loss (not maintenance). It is hypotonic, so distributes throughout ICF & ECF, meaning only 1/9 enters plasma - sodium: 131mmol - chloride: 111mmol - potassium: 5mmol - bicarbonate: 29mmol |
4 |
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5% dextrose components |
Maintains osmolality - glucose: 50g |
1 |
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Assessing fluid loss |
- Hx - vitals - examination: hydration status - fluid balance chart: input/output - U&Es |
5 |
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Replacing fluid loss
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Give maintenance fluids and replace fluid that has been lost
- 1 salty, 2 sweet (each over 8hrs with 20mmol of K in each bag) |
1 |
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Replacing ECF loss (V&D, NG aspirate, stomas, burns, pacreatitis) |
Hartman's solution
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1 |
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Replacing blood loss |
- blood products - FFP/platelets: if continued blood loss |
2 |
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Signs of shock: class 1 |
0.75l of fluid lost
- mild tachycardia |
1 |
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Signs of shock: class 2 |
0.75-1.5l of fluid lost - tachycardia - hypotension |
2 |
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Signs of shock: class 3 |
1.5-2l of fluid lost - tachycardia - hypotension - confusion |
3 |
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Signs of shock: class 4 |
>2l of fluid lost - critical tachycardia - hypotension - confusion |
3 |
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Fluid challenge |
If patient is hypotensive - 500ml of crystalloid over 15mins - monitor response: BP, urine output, JVP - give maintenance fluids if there is a response - if there is no response, the patient is overloaded (don't give fluids) or depleted (give lots of fluids) |
4 |