Fluid And Electrolytes (Nursing)

Front 1

Potassium (K+) value

Back 1

3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L

Front 2

hypokalemia s/s

Back 2

Muscular weakness and cramps

fatigue

constipation

Lethargy

Flaccid paralysis

hyporeflexia

hypercapnia, tetany

rhabdomyolysis may be seen with severe hypokalemia (< 2.5 mEq/L)
Postural hypotension
Confusion

Front 3

hypokalemia reading

Back 3

P waves- peaked
T waves- flat
ST segment- depressed
U waves- depressed

Front 4

hyperkalemia causes
(TEAM RICE)

Back 4

Tranfusion of stored blood (the breakdown of older RBC releases K+)
Excessive use of K+ based salt substitutes
Addisons disease
Metabolic acidosis

Renal failure
Intestinal obstruction
Cell damage
Excessive oral and parenteral adm. of K+

Front 5

hyperkalemia s/s
MWFPI

Back 5

muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, and ileus

Diarrhea
Hypotension
Paresthesias
Conduction disturbances, such as bundle branch block and atrioventricular block, may occur. Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest are terminal events.

Front 6

hyperkalemia reading

Back 6

P waves- flat
T waves- peaked
ST segment- depressed
QRS widened complex
PR prolonged interval

Front 7

sodium levels

Back 7

135 to 145 mEg/L

Front 8

hyponatremia s/s

Back 8

nausea and malaise progress to headache, lethargy, and disorientation as the sodium concentration drops.

respiratory arrest, seizure, coma, permanent brain damage, brainstem herniation, and death.

Front 9

hyponatremia interventions
(RAM^3S)

Back 9

Restrict water intake and avoid tap water enemas
Assess skin turgor and mucous membranes
Monitor VS
Monitor I&O
Monitor weight
Saline is used for irrigation rather than sterile water.

Front 10

hypernatremia s/s
(COMES LFFTD)

Back 10

Confusion
Oliguria
Muscles twitching
Elevated temperature
Seizures

lethargy, irritability, and weakness are early signs.
Loss of skin turgor
Flushed skin
Fatigue
Thirst
Dry mucous membranes

Front 11

Calcium levels

Back 11

8.6- 10 mg/dl

Front 12

hypocalcemia s/s
(HHC TTT PPP )

Back 12

Spasm of skeletal muscle causes cramps and tetany
Convulsions, perioral and peripheral paresthesias, and abdominal pain can develop.
Twitching
Tetany

Paresthesias
Positive Chovestek's or Trousseau's sign
Prolongation of QT interval

Front 13

hypercalcemia s/s
(MIND ABBCC)

Back 13

constipation and polyuria

N/V

anorexia

PUD

renal colic,

hematuria

NEURO:

mild drowsiness to weakness, depression, lethargy, stupor, and coma in severe hypercalcemia.

Front 14

hypercalcemia reading

Back 14

T wave- widened
QT interval shortened

Front 15

magnesium level

Back 15

1.6 - 2.6 mg/dl

Front 16

hypomagnesemia s/s
(C TTT SHIPPS)

Back 16

Confusion

Twitching
Tetany
Tachycardia

Shallow respirations
Hyperactive reflexes
Irritability
Parethesias
Positive Chvostek's (contraction of facial nerve..) Trosseaus's (carpal spasm induced by BP cuff...)
Seizures

Front 17

hypomagnesemia reading

Back 17

T waves- tall
ST segment- depressed

Front 18

hypermagnesemia s/s
(W B L HRS)

Back 18

Weak

Bradycardia

Loss of deep tendon reflexes

Hypotension
Respiratory depression
Sweating and flushing

Front 19

hypermagnesemia reading

Back 19

PR interval- prolonged
QRS complexes- widened

Front 20

hypokalemia causes

Back 20

insufficient dietary potassium intake

intracellular shifting of potassium from the extracellular space

extrarenal potassium loss

renal potassium loss

infectious diarrhea.

Front 21

Hyperkalemia may develop in patients taking

Back 21

ACE inhibitors

angiotensin-receptor blockers

potassium-sparing diuretics

(Or in combination)

even with no or only mild kidney dysfunction.

Front 22

Causes of hypocalemia

Back 22

advanced CKD