Fluid And Electrolytes And Acid Base Balance

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ACID

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a substance containing hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released

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Active transport

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movement of solutes across a selectively permeable cell membrane, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy, from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established; pumping uphill"

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Alkali (base)

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a substance that can accept or trap hydrogen ions

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Anion

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atoms that carry a negative charge

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Cation

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atoms that carry a positive charge

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Colloid (oncotic) pressure

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the pressure exerted by solutes in water; "water-pulling pressure"

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Dehydration

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deficiency in the amount of water in the ECF without a deficiency in electrolytes

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Diffusion

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movement of solutes across a selectively permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established; "coasting downhill"

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Electrolyte

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substances capable of breaking down into electrically charged ions when dissolved in solution

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Extracellular fluid

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fluid outside the cells

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Colloid (oncotic) pressure

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the pressure exerted by solutes in water; "water-pulling pressure"

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Dehydration

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deficiency in the amount of water in the ECF without a deficiency in electrolytes

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Diffusion

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movement of solutes across a selectively permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established; "coasting downhill"

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Electrolyte

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substances capable of breaking down into electrically charged ions when dissolved in solution

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Extracellular fluid

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fluid outside the cells

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Extracellular fluid compartment

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body fluid compartment that contains fluid outside the cells

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Filtration

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movement of solutes and solvent across a permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established

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Filtration pressure

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the difference between the colloid osmotic, or oncotic, pressure and hydrostatic pressure

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Fluid volume deficit

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deficiency in both the amount of water and electrolytes in the ECF where water and electrolyte proportions remain near normal; commonly known as hypovolemia

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Fluid volume excess

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excessive retention of water and sodium in similar proportions to normal ECF; commonly known as hypervolemia

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Hydrostatic pressure

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the pressure exerted by water within a closed system on the wall of a container in which it is contained; "water-pushing pressure"

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Hypercalcemia

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calcium excess in the ECF, or serum calcium level greater than 10.5 mEg/L

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Hypocalcemia

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calcium deficit in the ECF, or serum calcium level less than 8.5 mEg/L

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Hyperkalemia

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potassium excess in the ECF, or serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEg/L

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Hypokalemia

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potassium deficit in the ECF, or serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEg/L

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Hypermagnesemia

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magnesium excess in the ECF, or serum magnesium level greater than 3.0 mEg/L

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Hypomagnesemia

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magnesium deficit in the ECF, or serum magnesium level less than 1.3 mEg/L

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Hyperphosphatemia

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phosphate excess in the ECF, or serum phosphate level greater than 4.5 mEg/L

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Hypophosphatemia

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phosphate deficit in the ECF, or serum phosphate level less than 2.5 mEg/L

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Hypernatremia

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sodium excess in the ECF, or serum sodium level greater than 145 mEg/L

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Hyponatremia

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sodium deficit in the ECF, or serum sodium level less than 135 mEg/L

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Intracellular fluid

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fluid within the cells

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Intracellular fluid compartment

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body fluid compartment contains fluid within the cells

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Metabolic acidosis

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primary deficit of bicarbonate ions in the ECF

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Metabolic alkalosis

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primary excess of bicarbonate ions in the ECF

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Osmolality

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the concentration of solutes in body fluids

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Osmosis

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movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable cell membrane from an area of higher concentration of solutes to an area of lower concentration of solutes until equilibrium is established

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Overhydration

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an excess in the amount of water in the ECF without an excess in electrolytes

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Respiratory acidosis

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a primary excess of carbonic acid in the ECF

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Respiratory alkalosis

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primary deficit of carbonic acid in the ECF

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Tonicity

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may be used to refer to the osmolality of a solution

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Total-body water

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refers to the total amount of water in the body expressed as a percentage of body weight