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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is homeostasis?
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• Maintenance of the composition and volume of body fluids within narrow limits of normal is necessary to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
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What is the primary regulator of sodium balance
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kidneys
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How do the kidneys regulate the ECF concentration of sodium
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excrete or retain water under the influence of ADH
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How does Aldosterone play a role in sodium regulation
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promotes sodium reabsorption from the renal tubules
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What are common causes of hypernatremia
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water loss
sodium gain excessive sodium intake inadequate water intake excess water loss diabetes insipidus primary hyperaldosteronism cushing syndrome uncontrolled diabestes mellitus |
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what is the primary protection againgst the development of hyperosmolality
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thirst
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Where is the thirst center located
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hypothalmus
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What are clinical manifestations of hypernatremia with decreased ECF volume?
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restlessness
agitation twitching seizures coma intense thirst dry, swollen tongue sticky mucous membranes postural hypotension decreased CVP weight loss weakness lethargy |
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what are clinical manifestation of hypernatremia with normal or increased ECF volume?
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restlessness
agitation twitching seizures coma intense thirst flushed skin weight gain peripheral edema pulmonary edema increased BP increased CVP |
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What is the goal of treatment in hypernatremia?
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treat the underlying cause of the imbalance
dilute the sodium concentration with sodium free-IV fluids (D5W) promote excess sodium by administering diuretics restrict dietary sodium intake |
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What can happen if hypernatremia is corrected too quickly?
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cerebral edema; too rapid a shift of water back into the cells; risk is greatest in patients who have developed hypernatremia over several days or longer
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