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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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s/s:
apprehension; personality change; postural hypotension; abdominal cramping; nausea and vomiting; diarrhea; tachycardia; dry mucous membranes; convulsions; coma |
hyponatremia
(not enough serum sodium) |
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s/s:
extreme thirst; dry and flushed skin; dry and sticky tongue and mucous membranes; postural hypotension; fever; agitation; convulsions; restlessness; irritability |
hypernatremia
(too much serum sodium) |
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s/s:
weakness and fatigue; muscle weakness; nausea and vomiting; intestinal distension; decreased bowel sounds; decreased deep tendon reflexes; ventricular dysrhythmias; paresthesia; weak and irregular pulse |
hypokalemia
(too little serum potassium) |
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s/s:
anxiety; dysrhythmias; paresthesia; weakness; abdominal cramps; diarrhea |
hyperkalemia
(too much serum potassium) |
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s/s:
numbness and tingling of fingers and mouth region; hyperactive reflexes; positive Trousseau's sign; positive Chvostek's sign; tetany; muscle cramps; pathologic fractures |
hypocalcemia
(too little serum calcium) |
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s/s:
anorexia; nausea and vomiting; weakness; hypoactive reflexes; lethargy; flank pain; decreased level of consciousness; personality changes; cardiac arrest |
hypercalcemia
(too much serum calcium) |
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s/s:
muscular tremors; hyperactive deep tendon reflexes; confusion and disorientation; tachycardia; hypertension; dysrhythmias; positive Chvosteks' sign; positive Trousseau's sign |
hypomagnesia
(too little serum magnesium) |
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s/s:
hypoactive deep tendon reflexes; decreased depth and rate of breathing; hypotension; flushing |
hypermagnesia
(too much serum magnesium) |
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s/s:
dry and sticky mucous membranes; flushed dry skin; thirst; elevated temperature; irritability; convulsions; coma |
Hyperosmolar imbalance - dehydration with too many electrolytes
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s/s:
decreased level of consciousness; convulsions; coma |
Hypoosmolar imbalance - excess water and decreased electrolytes per volume of water
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s/s:
confusion; dizziness; lethargy; headache; ventricular dysrhythmias; warm and flushed skin; muscular twitching; convulsions; coma |
Respiratory acidosis
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s/s:
confusion; dizziness; dysrhythmias; tachypnea; numbness and tingling of extremities; convulsions; coma |
Respiratory alkalosis
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s/s:
headache; lethargy; confusion; dysrhythmias; tachypnea with deep respirations; abdominal cramps; flushed skin |
Metabolic acidosis
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s/s:
dizziness; dysrhythmias; numbness and tingling of fingers, toes, mouth; muscle cramps; tetany |
Metabolic alkalosis
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maximum potassium IV rate in solution
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20 mEq/hr
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how do you know potassium is going in too fast?
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it burns the veins
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what do you give with oral potassium?
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give with food or dilute with water/juice because potassium irritates GI tract
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how do you test for too much magnesium?
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make sure their deep tendon reflexes are present
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Chvostek's sign
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running finger across side of face causes twitching
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Trousseau sign
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put on blood pressure cuff and look for hand twitching and flexing
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