Fluid And Electrolyte

Front 1

capillary fluid flow is directly related to the difference in pressure between the arterial and venous end of capillaries

Back 1

colloid osmotic pressure

Front 2

(caused by the pumping action of the heart) pushes water, electrolytes, and nutrients through the capillary walls

Back 2

arterial hydrostatic pressure

Front 3

(created by plasma proteins) pulls water, electrolytes, and cell waste products into the capillary through the capillary walls

Back 3

venous colloid osmotic pressure

Front 4

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 4

dffusion

Front 5

the balance affected by the movement, replacement, and transformation, retention, and/or excretion of various materials essential to life

Back 5

fluid and electrolyte

Front 6

are inside the cells

Back 6

intracellular fluids (ICF)

Front 7

are outside the cells

Back 7

extracellular fluids (ECF)

Front 8

inside the blod vessels

Back 8

intravascular fluids

Front 9

lie between the blood vessels and the cells aka a "third space"

Back 9

interstitial fluids

Front 10

What % of fluids are in the intracellular component in most adults

Back 10

60 %

Front 11

ICF make up ___ % of body weight

Back 11

40 %

Front 12

ECF make up ___ % of body weight

Back 12

20 %

Front 13

functional unit of the kidney

Back 13

nephron

Front 14

The nephron filters blood plasma to remove: (3)

Back 14

-the end products of metabolism,
-drugs
-any excess water or solutes, reabsorbs water and solutes as needed, maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Front 15

Nephron consists of

Back 15

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending limb of the Loop of Henle, ascending limb of the Loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting tubule, and surrounding peritubular capillaries

Front 16

As filtrate rounds the Loop of Henle and moves into the ascending limb; water is retained as ____ and ____ is pumped out.

Back 16

chloride and sodium

Front 17

____ and ____ acts to influence water and electrolyte balance in the distal tuble

Back 17

ADH, aldosterone

Front 18

important in the regulation of fluid balance

Back 18

the amount of blood and pressure of the blood entering the kidneys

Front 19

blood arrives at the kiney via the _____ ______.

Back 19

renal artery

Front 20

When blood arrives to the renal artery it flows in to _____ which leads to and from the ____.

Back 20

arterioles, glomerulus

Front 21

Plasma in the glomerulus is filtered through

Back 21

semi-permeable membrane

Front 22

After plasma is filtered in the glomerulus it goes into the

Back 22

Bowman's capsule

Front 23

Where does filtrate go after leaving the Bowman's capsule?

Back 23

renal tubule system

Front 24

Once filtrate enters the renal tubule system it flows into the

Back 24

proximal tubule

Front 25

Filtrates leaves the proximal tubule and descends and ascends in the

Back 25

Loop of Henle

Front 26

When filtrate flows through the Loop of Henle it flows through

Back 26

the distal tubule and into the collecting duct

Front 27

What causes filtrate to become hypertonic in the descending loop?

Back 27

water flows out and sodium flows in

Front 28

What cause changes in the rate at which blood is filtered by the glomerulus and, ultimately, the rate and amount of urine formation?

Back 28

changes in blood volume as blood pressure

Front 29

Highly permeable to water, but not urea and sodium

Back 29

descending Loop of Henle

Front 30

Highly permeable to chloride and sodium, but not water

Back 30

ascending Loop of Henle

Front 31

osmotic concentration per Liter of solution

Back 31

Osmolarity

Front 32

osmotic concentration per Kg of solvent

Back 32

Osmolality

Front 33

dominant particle in ICF

Back 33

potassium

Front 34

dominant partivle in ECF

Back 34

sodium

Front 35

What 3 factors govern osmolarity

Back 35

1. Electrolytes, especially sodium
2. Glucose and urea
3. Plasma proteins (albumin)

Front 36

forces fluid out of the capillaries

Back 36

hydrostatic pressure

Front 37

pulls fluid back in capillaries

Back 37

colloid osmotic pressure

Front 38

can cross capillary membranes, but can not cross cell membranes

Back 38

sodium

Front 39

Occurs when sodium stays in the cell and the cell swells

Back 39

hypoxia

Front 40

are the main negatively charged intravascular fluid anions, balance the positive charge of sodium in osmolarity

Back 40

plasma proteins (albumins)

Front 41

plasma proteins (albumins) create a {colloid osmotic/hydrostatic} pressure

Back 41

colloid osmotic pressure

Front 42

made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary gland

Back 42

ADH

Front 43

stimulates the pituitary to increase or decrease the release of ADH

Back 43

hypothalamus

Front 44

produced by adrenal cortex

Back 44

aldosterone

Front 45

acts on renal distal convoluted tubule

Back 45

aldosterone

Front 46

acts on renal collecting tubules to regulate reabsorption or elimination of water

Back 46

ADH

Front 47

made in adrenal gland

Back 47

Glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisol)

Front 48

promote resorption of sodium, water by the kidney, and affect total blood volume

Back 48

Glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisol

Front 49

Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in

Back 49

total blood volume

Front 50

naturally occurring fatty acids which function in a variety of processes including maintenance of renal blood flow

Back 50

Prostaglandins

Front 51

factors that reduce renal blood flow and cause prostaglandin release are (3)

Back 51

1. Vasoconstriction of the renal vessels (capillaries)
2. Decrease in total blood volume
3. Decrease in blood flow to the kidney because of heart failure

Front 52

(+) Cations

Back 52

Na, K, Ca, Mg

Front 53

(-) Anions

Back 53

Cl, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate, protein

Front 54

ECF has large amounts of

Back 54

Na, Cl, and bicarbonate

Front 55

ICF has (small/large) amounts of: K, phosphate, sulfate, and protein

Back 55

large

Front 56

EFC has (small,large) amounts of K, phosphorous, sulfate, and protein

Back 56

small

Front 57

IFC has small amounts of

Back 57

Na, Cl, and bicarbonate

Front 58

competes with H for elimination in the kidney tubules

Back 58

Potassium

Front 59

What promotes K loss in urine?

Back 59

increase in K levels stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal gland

Front 60

Functions in: muscle contractile ability, correct neural function, strength of bone and teeth, blood clotting

Back 60

calcium

Front 61

Functions in neuromuscular irritability, conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction, osmotic pressure of ECF, acid-base balance, water balance, and gland secretion

Back 61

Sodium

Front 62

functions in neuromuscular irritability, the ability of nerve and muscle cell to fire, cardiac impulse conduction and muscle cell contractility, ICF osmolarity, regulation of acid-base balance, activation of enzyme reactions, influencing kidney function

Back 62

Potassium