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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diffusion is the passage of solute from an area of _____ solute concentration to one of _______solute concentration.
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higher
lower |
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Osmosis is the passage of solvent from an area of _____solute concentration to one of ______ solute concentration when separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
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lesser
greater |
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_______ is a nondiffusible substance; a solute suspended in solution (ie plasma proteins)
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Colloid
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Approximately _____% of the total body weight is fluid in the non-obese adult animal.
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60
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Approximately _____% of the total body weight is fluid in a neonate.
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80
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Approximately _____% of the total body weight is fluid in obese adult animals.
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50
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The extracellular fluid compartment is made up of what 2 main compartments?
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interstitial and intravascular
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The most abundant cation in ECF is _____ and in ICF is _____.
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Na
K, Mg |
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Initially in dehydration the main fluid loss is from the _______ fluid.
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interstitial
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IV fluid administration enters _______-->______-->_______
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Intravascular --> Interstitial --> Intracellular
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The most abundant anion in ECF is _____ and in ICF is______.
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Cl, HCO2
H2PO4 & proteins |
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What is the effect on the cell with hypotonic fluid?
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swelling of the cell
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What is the effect on the cell with hypertonic fluid?
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shrinkage of the cell
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What is the pressure exerted by a stationary liquid?
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hydrostatic pressure
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If vascular colliod osmotic pressure decreases (hypoproteinenima), fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues = ________
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edema
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If membrane pore size can increase with systemic inflammation and burns, allowing plasma proteins to "leak" into the intersitium, pulling water with it = _______
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edema
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If vascular hydrostatic pressure increases with fluid overload, fluid accumulates in the intersitial space = _______
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edema
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What are the 3 sources of water intake?
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1-water that is drunk
2-water ingested in food 3-water resulting from metabolism of food |
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What are the 4 sources of water loss?
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1-urine
2-feces 3-sweat 4-respiration |
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Fluid loss that is characterized as sensible is?
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Losses easily measured
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Fluid loss that is characterized as insensible is?
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losses not easily measured
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Fluid loss that is characterized as contemporary is?
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ongoing fluid losses
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Fluid therapy is used for what?
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1-shock
2-dehydration 3-maintain hydration 4-replace electrolytes & nutrients 5-open line for meds |
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What are the 5 routes of fluid administration?
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1-oral
2-SQ 3-IP (intraperitoneal) 4-IO (intraosseous) 5-IV |
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Dextrose solutions is used for?
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insensible losses & to correct hypernatremia
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When administering fluids, if the PCV drops below 20%, what should be done?
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blood transfusion
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The main goal of therapy in shock is to increase ________ fluid.
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intravascular
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Hypotonic solution is excellent for what?
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long term maintenance
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Isotonic solution is best used for?
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shock and dehydration
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Hypertonic solution is best used for?
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shock
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What is Pierce College's rate of administration for shock in a cat?
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40-60ml/kg/hr
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What is Pierce College's rate of administration for shock in a dog?
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80-90ml/kg/hr
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The mainstay of shock therapy fluids is?
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crystalloids
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During surgery the accepted surgical drip rate is?
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10ml/kg/hr
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In general maintenance fluid rates should be increased ____% for each _____F rise in body temperature.
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10
1.8 |
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What are some signs of overhydration that can be observed?
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restlessness, vomiting, serous nasal discharge
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What medical problems predispose to overhydration?
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cardiac disease, Primary renal disease, lung disease, cushings disease
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If fluids are no longer dripping what 5 things should be checked?
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1-check catheter
2-position of patient 3-check flow clamp 4-check tubing for twisting,kink 5-check fluid level |
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What are some complications with IV catheters?
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Infiltration (edema)
Infusion phlebitis Air embolism Infection at venipuncture site |
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0.45% NaCl and 2.5% Dextrose are both examples of what type of fluid?
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Hypotonic
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0.9% NaCl, Lactated Ringers and Normosol-R are all examples of what type of fluid?
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Isotonic
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7% NaCl is an example of what type of fluid?
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Hypertonic
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Dextrans, Hetastarch, Oxypolygelatin and Oxygen carrying fluid are all types of what type of fluid?
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Colloids
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Formula for hydration deficit is?
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% hydration by body weight (kg) by 1000ml
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Which type of loss is it recommemded to estimate and than double?
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Contempory losses
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