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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A collection of cells is called...?
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tissue
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A collection of tissues is called...?
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an organ
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A collection of organs is called...?
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an organ system
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A collection of organ systems is called ...?
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an organism
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What are the four major parts of a cell?
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plasma membrane
cytosol organelles inclusions |
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What is the most abundant component of cells?
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water
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The outer boundary of a cell is called the...?
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cell membrane
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Most of the energy needed for a cell's activity is generated in the...?
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mitochondria
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Where is a cell's genetic material housed?
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in the nucleus
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What part of a cell gives it its shape and aids in movement?
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cytoskeleton
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What part of a cell is also known as suicide or digestive sacs?
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lysosomes
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Where are organelles housed?
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in the cytosol
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What part of a cell produces and transports proteins encoded by the DNA in the nucleus?
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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What type of tissue covers exposed surfaces of the body and line internal passageways and body cavities?
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epithelial
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What are the two types of layering in epithelial tissue?
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simple and stratified
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Where is simple layering of epithelial cells found?
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where secretion and absorption occur
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Where is stratified epithelial usually found?
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where mechanical or chemical stresses occur
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What are the three primary shapes of epithelial cells?
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squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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Describe columnar epithelia.
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tall and slender shaped, with nuclei crowded near the basement membrane
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What are the three types of membrane made by epithelial cells?
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serous, mucous, and cutaneous
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Where are mucous membranes usually found?
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near openings in the cutaneous membrane, at the entrance to the respiratory and urinary systems, around the eyes, nose and mouth
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What kind of membrane is associated with body cavities that do NOT open to the outside?
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serous
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What are the three basic components of all connective tissue?
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specialized cells, protein fibers and ground substance
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What are the three types of cartilage in the body?
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hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
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What kind of tissue is FASCIA?
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dense irregular connective tissue
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What kind of tissue are tendons made of?
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dense regular connective tissue
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What is most of the volume in loose areolar connective tissue made of?
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hyaluronic acid
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What are the major purposes of adipose tissue?
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padding, energy storage, insulation
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What happens to adipcytes during a weight loss program when nutrients are scarce?
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they shrink like collapsing balloons
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What cels maintain their ability to move throughout the body for their entire lives and are found in both dense and loose connective tissue?
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fibroblasts
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What kind of cartilage is most likely to be damaged from wear and tear on the spine or knee joint?
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fibrocartilage
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What property of collagen may make it viable in the generation of body energy?
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piezoelectric effect
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What is the most common tissue type in the body?
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connective tissue
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What are mitochondria?
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an organelle that makes most of the ATP a cell needs to work--the "powerhouse" of a cell
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What are ribosomes?
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organelles that contain RNA and make protein
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What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum and what do they do?
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rough reticulum--contains ribosomes, so it makes and transports proteins
smooth reticulum--site of calcium storage and lipid production |
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What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
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a system of tubules and thin curved sacs that help transport materials through the cell
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What is an organelle?
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A tiny organ within the cytoplasm of a cell
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What is a golgi complex?
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stacks of flattened tubes and sacs that receive and process small sealed packets of protein and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, then repackages them and sends them out of the cell
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What does a cell nucleus do?
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It is the cell's coordination center. It houses the genetic material (DNA and RNA), and coordinates which particular proteins the cell will make
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What is a lysosome?
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an organelle that is also known as a "suicide sac" that is filled with digesting enzymes that are used for breaking down foreign particles or materials needing recycling
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What is a vacuole?
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an organelle that is a storage sac for water, lipids or other materials
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What is a cytoskeleton?
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the internal framework of a cell, consisting of a system of tubules
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What is the fluid inside a cell called?
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cytoplasm
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What is the most basic structural unit of the body?
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molecule
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What is the smallest LIVING part of your body?
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cell
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What type of tissue is a tendon made of?
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dense fibrous, which makes it flexible but strong
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What makes ground substance?
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fibroblasts
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What are the types of connective tissue, from solid to liquid?
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bone
cartilage dense CT--irregular, regular loose CT--adipose, areolar blood |
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What are the functions of connective tissue?
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-connects
-supports -protects -heals all injuries -allows the body to physically adjust itself |
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What is connective tissue made of?
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cells and matrix
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What is matrix composed of?
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fibers and ground substance
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What are the five types of cells of connective tissue?
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-fibroblasts
-immune cells -adipocytes -chondroblasts and chondrocytes -osteoblasts |
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Which cells are always involved in the first step of healing any part of the body?
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fibroblasts
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What are adipocytes?
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fat cells, which synthesize and store fat
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What to chondroblasts do?
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make cartilage
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What are chondrocytes?
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mature cartilage cells
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What are osteoblasts?
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bone-making cells
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What is hyaluronic acid?
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a gel-like substance that is the major component of ground substance
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What is thixotropy?
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the process of warming a gel and causing it to move fro a sol-gel to a gel-liquid state
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What are the three types of fibers in connective tissue?
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collagen
reticulin elastin |
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What is the most abundant protein found in animals?
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collagen
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What does it mean that connective tissue is Piezoelectric?
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It produces electricity when stretched or compressed
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