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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does insulin stimulate glucose uptake into cells?
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By inducing translocation of GLUT-4 from intracellular storage to the plasma membrane
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How does insulin affect proteins?
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insulin stimulates amino acid uptake into cells, inhibits protein degradation, & promotes protein synthesis
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What is sphingosine?
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an amino alcohol
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What are glycosaminoglycans that are part of proteoglycan?
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1. chondroitin sulfate
2. Heparin 3. Dermatan sulfate 4. Heparan sulfate |
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What is the mechanism of action of insulin on target cells?
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1. insulin binds to glycoprotein receptors
2. conformational change in the receptor 3. receptor cross-linkage 4. insulin endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles 5. generation of cell signaling |
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How does type I diabetes come to be?
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autoimmune response destroys pancreatic Beta cells
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What risk factors are involved with contracting type I diabetes?
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1. genetics
2. exposure to cow milk 3. infections |
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What risk factors are involved with contracting type II diabetes?
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1. obesity (apple shape)
2. genetics 3. sedentary lifestyle 4. ethnicity 5. High BP 6. High cholesterol |
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What are some cellular complications caused by diabetes?
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1. increased mitochondrial ROS production
2. increased oxidative stress 3. increased polyol pathway 4. decreased antioxidant capacity 5. increased protein glycation 6. increased PKC activity 7. decreased receptors/glucose binding |
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What is the common link between diabetes & oral disease?
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poorly controlled hyperglycemia results in an increased pathogenic oral flora
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What oral conditions are stimulated by diabetes?
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1. cavities
2. xerostomia 3. thrush 4. gingivitis 5. candida albicans |
