Flowers

Front 1

Ovary/fruit

Back 1

The swollen basal part of the carpel in angiosperms, which contains the ovules

Front 2

Ovule/seed

Back 2

The female gamete and its protective and nutritive tissue, which develops into the dispersal unit or seed after fertilization in seed plants

Front 3

Beak

Back 3

A narrow or prolonged tip

Front 4

Dehiscent

Back 4

Opening at maturity

Front 5

Indehiscent

Back 5

Not opening at maturity

Front 6

Pericarp

Back 6

The wall of a fruit, derived from the maturing ovary wall

Front 7

Endocarp/mesocarp/exocarp

Back 7

Innermost layer/middle/outer layer

Front 8

Suture

Back 8

A line of fusion

Front 9

Valve

Back 9

One of the segments of a dehiscent fruit, separating from other such segments at maturity

Front 10

Achene

Back 10

Any simple one-seeded indehis-cent dry fruit that develops from a monocarpellary ovary (Echinacea)

Front 11

Caryopsis

Back 11

A fruit that resembles an achene except that the seed wall fuses with the carpel wall during embryo development (corn)

Front 12

Nut

Back 12

A dry indehiscent fruit with a single seed

Front 13

Nutlet

Back 13

A small nut

Front 14

Winged Nutlet

Back 14

A winged nut

Front 15

Nutlet in a bladder

Front 16

Samara

Back 16

A type of achene with a pericarp extended into a membranous wing, which aids wind dispersal of the seed

Front 17

Schizocarp

Back 17

A dry fruit that is derived from two or more one-seeded carpels that divide into one-seeded units at maturity (the units can be achenes, berries, follicles, etc.)

Front 18

Capsule

Back 18

Any dry dehiscent fruit derived from two or more many-seeded fused carpels

Front 19

Folicle

Back 19

Dry dehiscent many-seeded fruit derived from one carpel, which on ripening splits down one side only (Milkweed)

Front 20

Legume

Back 20

Dry dehiscent many-seeded fruit derived from one carpel, which on ripening splits down two sides

Front 21

Silique

Back 21

Dry dehiscent fruit typically more than twice as long as wide, with two valves separating from the persistent placentae and septum

Front 22

Silicle

Back 22

Dry dehiscent fruit typically less than twice as long as wide, with two valves separating from the persistent placentae and septum

Front 23

Berry

Back 23

A many-seeded fleshy indehiscent fruit

Front 24

Drupe

Back 24

A fleshy indehiscent fruit in which the seed or seeds are surrounded by a hardened schlerenchymatous endocarp (peach)

Front 25

Hesperidium

Back 25

Fleshy berry-like fruit with a tough rind (citrus)

Front 26

Pepo

Back 26

Fleshy indehiscent many-seeded fruit with a tough rind (cucumber)

Front 27

Accessory fruit

Back 27

A fleshy fruit developing from a succulent receptacle rather than the pistil. The ripened ovaries are achenes on the surface (strawberry)

Front 28

Hip

Back 28

A berry-like structure composed of an enlarged hypanthium surrounding numerous achenes

Front 29

Pome

Back 29

A fleshy, indehiscent fruit derived from an inferior, compound ovary, consisting of a modified floral tube surrounding a core (apple)

Front 30

Receptacle

Back 30

The portion of the pedicel upon which the flower parts are borne

Front 31

Hypanthium

Back 31

A cup-shaped extension of the floral axis usually formed from the union of the basal parts of the calyx, corolla and androecium commonly surrounding or enclosing the pistils (rose)

Front 32

Aggregate fruit

Back 32

Usually applied to a cluster or group of small fleshy fruits originating from a number of separate pistils in a single flower, as in the clustered drupelets of the raspberry

Front 33

Multiple fruit

Back 33

Fruit formed from several separate flowers crowded on a single axis (pineapple)

Front 34

Petal/corolla

Back 34

Collective term for petals

Front 35

Sepal/calyx

Back 35

Collective term for sepals

Front 36

Perianth

Back 36

The calyx and corolla

Front 37

Pedicel

Back 37

The stalk attaching individual flowers to the main axis

Front 38

Peduncle

Back 38

The stalk of a solitary flower or an inflorescence

Front 39

Receptacle

Back 39

The expanded region at the end of a peduncle to which the floral parts are attached

Front 40

Involucre

Back 40

Whorl of bracts subtending a flower or flower cluster

Front 41

Bract

Back 41

A reduced leaf or leaflike structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence

Front 42

Hypanthium

Back 42

The flat or cup-shaped receptacle found in perigynous flowers

Front 43

Actinomorphic/radially symmetric

Back 43

Radially symmetric. The arrangement of parts in an organ or organism such that any cut taken through the centre divides the structure into similar halves

Front 44

Zygomorphic/bilaterally symmetry

Back 44

The arrangement of parts in an organ or organism such that it can only be split into similar halves along one given plane

Front 45

Bilabiate

Back 45

Two lipped flower as in many irregular flowers

Front 46

Tubular

Back 46

Form of a tube

Front 47

Spur

Back 47

A tubular projection from a flower, usually from the base of a perianth segment (columbine)

Front 48

Throat

Back 48

The orifice of a gamopetalous corolla or gamosepalous calyx

Front 49

Complete

Back 49

With all of the parts typically belonging to it, as a flower with sepals, petals, stamens and pistils

Front 50

Incomplete

Back 50

Lacking an expected part or series of parts, as in a flower lacking one of the floral whorls

Front 51

Apetalous

Back 51

Flower with no petals

Front 52

Tepals

Back 52

A segment of a perianth which is not differentiated into calyx and corolla

Front 53

Stamen

Back 53

The male reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and filament

Front 54

Anther

Back 54

The apical portion of a stamen, which produces the microspores or pollen grains

Front 55

Filament

Back 55

The stalk of a stamen, bearing the anther at its apex

Front 56

Monadelphous

Back 56

Describing stamen filaments that are all fused for the greater part of their length, so forming a tube around the style

Front 57

Epipetalous

Back 57

Describing stamens that arise from the petals, as occur in many flowers with tubular corollas

Front 58

Stamens exerted

Back 58

Stamens protruding above the perianth

Front 59

Stamens inserted

Back 59

Stamens not protruding above the perianth

Front 60

Pistil

Back 60

A term used ambiguously to describe either a single carpel (simple pistil) or a group of fused carpels (compound pistil)

Front 61

Stigma

Back 61

The receptive tip of the carpel, which receives pollen at pollination and on which the pollen grain germinates

Front 62

Style

Back 62

The sterile portion of the carpel between the ovary and the stigma, which may be elongated or feathery, especially in wind-pollinated species, so that the stigma is presented in an effective place for pollination

Front 63

Carpel

Back 63

The structure that bears and encloses the ovules in flowering plants

Front 64

Monocarpous

Back 64

having a gynoecium that forms only a single ovary

Front 65

Apocarpous

Back 65

having distinct carpels that are not joined together

Front 66

Syncarpous

Back 66

Fused carpels

Front 67

Locule

Back 67

A cavity within which specialized organs may develop, most usually the ovules

Front 68

Septum

Back 68

Any partition, whether within a cell, as in a septate fibre, or in an organ, such as a fruit

Front 69

Marginal placentation

Back 69

A form of placentation in which the placentae develop along the ventral suture of a simple ovary

Front 70

Axile placentation

Back 70

A form of placentation in which the placentae arise along the central axis of the ovary

Front 71

Parietal placentation

Back 71

A form of placentation in which the placentae develop along the fused margins of a unilocular compound ovary

Front 72

Free central placentation

Back 72

A form of placentation in which the placentae develop on a central dome or column of tissue

Front 73

Basal placentation

Back 73

A form of placentation, found in ovaries containing only one ovule, in which the placenta develops at the base of the ovary

Front 74

Superior(hypogynous) insertion

Back 74

The most commonly seen arrangement of floral parts in which the stamens, sepals, and petals are inserted below the ovary, giving a superior ovary

Front 75

Perigynous insertion

Back 75

The arrangement of floral parts, intermediate between hypogeny and epigeny

Front 76

Epigynous insertion

Back 76

An arrangement of floral parts in which the stamens, sepals, and petals are inserted above the ovary, giving an inferior ovary

Front 77

Adnate

Back 77

Describing unlike organs that are joined together, such as stamens fused with the petals

Front 78

Connate

Back 78

Describing similar organs that are joined together, such as petals fused to form a tube

Front 79

apo-

Back 79

Separate

Front 80

gamo-/syn-

Back 80

Fused

Front 81

poly-

Back 81

Many separate

Front 82

a-

Back 82

Without

Front 83

Dioecious

Back 83

Describing plants in which the female and male reproductive organs are separated on different individuals

Front 84

Monoecious

Back 84

Describing plants in which the female and male reproductive organs are on the same plant

Front 85

Polygamous

Back 85

With unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same plant

Front 86

Perfect flower

Back 86

With both androecium and gynoecium on the same flower

Front 87

Imperfect flower

Back 87

With the androecium OR gynoecium on the same flower

Front 88

Staminate

Back 88

Flower with only stamen

Front 89

Pistillate

Back 89

Flower with only pistils

Front 90

Bract

Back 90

A leaflike organ subtending an inflorescence

Front 91

Involucre

Back 91

A whorl of bracts around or beneath a condensed inflorescence, such as a capitulum or umbel. It resembles and performs the function of the calyx of a single simple flower

Front 92

Rachis

Back 92

The main axis of an inflorescence

Front 93

Scape

Back 93

The leafless stem of a solitary flower or inflorescence, such as that of the dandelion inflorescence

Front 94

Solitary

Back 94

Single flower

Front 95

Terminal inflorescence

Back 95

Inflorescence from the tip of a twig

Front 96

Axillary inflorescence

Back 96

Inflorescence from the axis of a twig

Front 97

Determinate

Back 97

The youngest flowers are at the bottom of an elongated axis or on the outside of a truncated axis

Front 98

Indeterminate

Back 98

The youngest flowers are at the top of an elongated axis or on the centre of a truncated axis

Front 99

Spadix

Back 99

Flowers are sessile and borne on an enlarged fleshy axis

Front 100

Spathe

Back 100

A large bract or pair of bracts subtending and often enclosing an inflorescence

Front 101

Catkin(ament)

Back 101

An inflorescence consisting of a dense spike or raceme of apetalous, unisexual flowers

Front 102

Head (capitulum)

Back 102

An inflorescence consisting of a head of small closely packed stalkless flowers or florets arising at the same level on a flattened axis

Front 103

Spike

Back 103

The flowers are sessile and borne on an elongated axis

Front 104

Spikelet

Back 104

A small spike or secondary spike (as in grass)

Front 105

Raceme

Back 105

the flowers are formed on individual pedicels on the main axis

Front 106

Umbel

Back 106

the flowers are borne on undivided pedicels originating from a common node on the main axis

Front 107

Corymb

Back 107

the flowers are formed on lateral stalks of different lengths, the longest at the base, resulting in a flattopped cluster of flowers

Front 108

Cyme

Back 108

A flat-topped or round-topped determinate inflorescence

Front 109

Panicle

Back 109

flowers are formed on stalks (peduncles) arising alternately or spirally from the main axis

Front 110

Compound umbel

Back 110

An umbel of umbels

Front 111

Compound corymb

Back 111

A corymb of corymbs

Front 112

Compound cyme

Back 112

A cyme of cymes

Front 113

Panicle of heads

Back 113

A panicle of heads

Front 114

Clustered axillary