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311 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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loss of water vapor by plants:
transpiration evaporation humidity |
transpiration
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cell rigidity is also known as:
cell division cell turgor cell arrangement cell nucleus |
cell turgor
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two main functions of stems are: store food and convert it to starches
to move materials and support plant parts to manufacture food and store it for the suture |
to move materials and support plant parts
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the four main parts of a flower are the:
sepal, petal, stamen, and pistil sepal, petal, calyx, stem pistil, stamen, ovaries, and petals sepal, stamen, pistil, and ovaries |
sepal, petal, stamen, and pistil
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the foot candle is:
a candle that is put ate the foot of a bed the amount of light cast by a single candle on a surface one foot away the smallest candle that you can use in an arrangement |
the amount of light cast by a single candle on a surface one foot away
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axillary buds are found where
:at the end of the stem at the base of the terminal bud at the angle between the leaf and stem at the angle between the stem and flower |
at the angle between the leaf and stem
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the endosperm in a seed is the:
stored food end of the leaves end of stems end of petals |
stored food
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the flower part that contains the pollen:
ovary filament anther corolla |
anther
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a group of sepals:
pistil corolla sepal calyx |
calyx
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the gas that a plant takes in during photosynthesis:
oxygen carbon dioxide hydrogen carbon monoxide |
carbon dioxide
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the orchid families stem type, above ground modified:
pseudobulb rhizome bulb corm |
pseudobulb
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a growth point on a plant:
stolen cambium cuticle layer node |
node
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this is the structural formula for a glucose molecule:
c12h6o6 c6h6o6 c6h12o6 c4h12o6 |
c6h12o6
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the potato is an example of a:
corm tuber tuberous root bulb |
tuber
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when u consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide:
transpiration respiration perspiration conduction |
respiration
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a true tuber is composed of what tissue:
root stem leaf flower |
stem
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plants with one cotyledon:
monocots dicots gymnosperms phloem |
monocots
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on plants an end bud is called a ____bud:
terminal lateral latent auxillary |
terminal
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a plant that sheds is leaves annually:
broad leaved coniferous evergreen deciduous |
deciduous
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flat spray arrangements are most commonly used at what occasion:
weddings birthdays funerals holidays |
funerals
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the gas produced by photosynthesis:
oxygen carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrous oxide |
oxygen
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the first plant to emerge from a new seed is:
radicle cotyledon hypocotyl germinate stem |
radicle
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four basic parts of a plant:
leaves,stems,roots,flowers flowers,leaves,pollen,fruit sepal,pistil,stamen,ovary none of the above |
leaves,stems,roots,flowers
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leaf stalk is also called:
blade petiole midrib stem |
petiole
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how many kilocalories of light energy are used for photosynthesis:
726 627 672 276 |
672
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this type of chemical enables plants to grow faster:
stimulant selective herbicide chemical herbicide rooting hormone |
stimulant
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the amount or degree of moisture in the air:
transpiration humidity water vapor wetting agent |
humidity
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process of providing a cooler temperature for plants to prepare seedlings for the shock of transplanting:
hardening off transplanting germinating propagating |
hardening off
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consists of a very short specialized stem for food storage:
corm tuber bulblet rhizomes |
corm
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plants with two cotyledon:
gymnosperms monocots conifers dicots |
dicots
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the best time to divide perennials that bloom in the spring is:
winter spring early fall any season |
early fall
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the top part of the graft is called a:
stock node scion internode |
scion
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the type of cuttings from a succulent greenhouse plants such as coleus or geraniums:
micropropagation winter cuts softwood hardwood |
softwood
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producing plants from seed is a type of what propagation:
asexual bisexual sexual binomial |
sexual
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which is a type of asexual propagation:
grafting stolon separation&division all of the above |
all of the above
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this is an asexual propagation method using sterilized terminal shoots of leaf buds places on a sterile agar:
softwood cuttings hardwood cuttings micropropagation leaf-bud cuttings |
micropropagation
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the ability of a plant to withstand colder temperatures is known as:
plant hardiness plant tolerance plant tenderness plant resistance |
plant hardiness
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a dormant season is:
planting season resting season blooming season harvesting season |
resting season
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the initials B and B in horticulture refer to:
bought and bagged bows and boughs balled and burlapped bought and branded |
balled and burlapped
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plants should not be transplanted until they have:
3-4 inches of height their first true leaves 4-5 inches of height a large root system |
their first true leaves
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when selecting an annual bedding plant you dont need to consider:
price container size planting instructions label |
contianer size
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when removing plants form this type of container you turn it upside down and push down on the bottom with your thumbs:
small pots flats peat pots cell-packs |
cell-packs
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this is layer of dead stems, leaves, and roots of grass that build up on the soil surface and under the
grass: granuals thatch aerated soil weeds |
thatch
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in spring when the temperature gets above the danger level uncover the plants set them upright and:
move them inside fertilize provide shade water well |
water well
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interior plants should be repotted when they become:
take up too much water taller pot-bound when they start to flower |
pot-bound
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bulbs flowering in the spring should be dug after:
summer bulbs come up they are done flowering the foliage turns yellow and dies back |
the foliage turns yellow and dies back
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windbreaks are effective for what length:
10 times its height seven times its height five times its height same amount of feet as height |
seven times its height
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removing dead flowers and seedpods:
dead heading renewal pruning heading back trimming |
dead heading
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the single most important aspect of perennial gardening:
timing of bloom location control of plant height pH in soil |
timing the bloom
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a grouping of different types of plants potted in the same container is known as:
casket saddle full couch spray fireside basket dish garden |
dish garden
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what is the purpose of pinching plants
to be more bushy to grow taller to change colors to become flatter |
to be more bushy
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hand watering is useful for new transplants seedlings and conatiner plants because
you can water gently and put water exactly where it is needed you can put less water you can put more water you can water more often |
you can water gently and put water exactly where it is needed
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when should plants be watered:
just before sunrise just before wilting or water stress occurs mid-day with the sun overhead |
just before wilting or water stress occurs
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what ingredient related to city water causes leaf tip browning in spider plant leaves:
fluorine chlorine fluoride all of the above |
chlorine
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which of the following is not a type of irrigation system used in the green house:
ebb and flood soaker hose system overhead irrigation proportionate irrigation |
proportionate irrigation
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water makes approximately what percent of plants weight:
80 90 95 75 |
90
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too much of what in the soil can cause the leaves of the plant to wilt and turn yellow:
water nitrogen iron calcium |
water
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the first sign that plants are not producing and needs water:
the plants turn brown the plants fall over the plants wilt none |
the plant wilts
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what can be added to soil to increase drainage and aeration:
organic matter lime gypsum all of the above |
all of the above
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improper watering doesn't cause
a.drooping leaves b.yellowing of leaves c.slow root growth d.wilting of leaves |
slow root growth
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this type of water is unable to be help against the force of gravity in soil:
gravitational water capillary water available capillary water unavailable capillary water |
gravitational water
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the ideal soil mixture contains what percentage of organic matter, air, water, and mineral matter
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5% organic matter
25% air 25% water 45% mineral matter |
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the best soil temperature for germinating most greenhouse seeds is:
50 to 60 degrees fahrenheit 75 to 80 degrees fahrenheit 65 to 70 degrees fahrenheit |
65 to 70 degrees fahrenheit
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fertilizer numbers indicate:
iron-potassium-hydrogen nitrogen-phosporus-iron nitrogen-phosporus-potassium |
nitrogen-phosporus-potassium
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which soil particle is the largest:
sand silt clay loam |
sand
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the smallest soil particle:
sand silt clay loam |
clay
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the mineral lime is added to soil to:
raise pH lower pH strengthen pH both a and c |
raise pH
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on the pH scale the number that is neutral is:
3 5 7 9 |
7
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if a soil is 50% clay it is a:
clay soil loam soil sand soil silty loam soil |
clay soil
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a fertilizer 10-8-6 contain ___% of potassium:
10 8 6 24 |
6
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if u had a 75 pound bag of fertilizer labeled 10-30-20, how many pounds are potassium:
10 lbs. 20 lbs. 15 lbs. 20% |
15 lbs.
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soil is what percent organic matter:
45% 25% 5% 10% |
5%
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the pH range preferred by acid loving plants is:
4.0-5.0 5.5-6.0 6.5-7.0 7.5-8.0 |
5.5-6.0
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a composting problem that can occur in a rotten odor smell is caused by:
compost to wet and lacking oxygen compost has excessive nitrogen compost is too dry compost had fruit and vegetables on the surface |
compost to wet and lacking oxygen
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which fertilizer is lower in nitrogen:
5-10-5 10-5-5 16-8-4 |
5-10-5
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heavier(clayey) soils are the best plowed in the:
spring fall summer dry season |
fall
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nitrogen can cause plants to:
grow rapidly develop dark green color neither both |
both
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a musty odor in a terrarium can be eliminated by adding:
stone peat moss more soil activated charcoal |
activated charcoal
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what is the pH of an alkaline soil:
7-14 8-12 8-14 |
8-14
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these soils are also called adobe, gumbo, and heavy:
sand silt clay loam |
clay
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pH is a measure of what:
soluble soils alkalinity and acidity soil acidity ammonia |
alkalinity and acidity
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when the soil is too moist, plants force water from leaf vein tips to reduce water pressure inside the plant, this is called:
guttation wilt turgot transpiration |
guttation
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what percent of soil organisms are beneficial:
99 98 50 75 |
99
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what is not a result of insufficient phosphorus:
purple coloring reduced flower, fruit, seed production yellow leaf margin poor quality fruits |
yellow leaf margin
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what is the solution of water and dissolved minerals found in soil pores termed:
soil texture soil solution soil structure soil salinity |
soil solution
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drainage and aeration can be improved by changing the soil:
structure moisture nutrition capillary water |
structure
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this type of soil is considered the ideal garden soil with a perfect mix of each particle:
clay loam silt sand |
loam
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the pH scale range:
1-14 0-14 1-12 0-12 |
0-14
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which flower is the best form flower:
cattleya orchid babys breathe gladiolus |
cattleya orchid
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the sunlight requirements for kalanchoe pinnata are:
full shade part sun to full shade direct sun to part shade only part sun |
direct sun to part shade
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this plant is low growing busy and spreading has thinck broad leaves and is slightly sticky to touch:
snapdragon geranium allysum petunia |
petunia
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typical flowers used in creating japanese style arangements include all of the following except:
lotus lily hydrangea rose |
lotus
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the easter lily crop is difficult to grow because:
easter lilies are very delicate easter falls on a different date every year easter is based on christian holiday |
easter falls on a different date every year
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all of the petals collectively are called the:
calyx corolla pistil stamen |
corolla
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a pore on the bottom of a leaf is called a ______ and allows the plant to breathe:
guard cells epidermis stoma root hair |
stoma
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the xylem, or wood, of the stem:
stores food is green in color conducts water and minerals up to the leaves conducts manufactured down to the roots |
conducts water and minerals up to the leaves
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a horizontal underground stem us called a:
root hair rhizome stolen pseudobulb |
rhizome
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which of the following plant prefers filtered light:
ivy geranium amaryllis florist's chrysanthemum fancy-leaved caladium |
fancy-leaved caladium
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what is not a type of leaf venation:
pinnate palmate parallel perpendicular |
perpendicular
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the following parts are all on an incomplete female flower except:
sepals stamen pistil petals |
stamen
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roses are generally graded according to ________of stem:
width fullness length water weight |
length
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an example of a plant with rhizomes is:
dahlia oriental lily bearded iris freesia |
bearded iris
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alstomeria hybrids are also know as:
oriental lily snapdragon iris peruvian lily |
peruvian lily
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which of the following is not a function of the roots:
storage absorption anchoring plants manufacture of food |
manufacture of food
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a true bulb is composed of a basal plate and scales that are modified______ tissue(onion layers):
root stem leaf flower |
stem
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all of the following plants have bulb like structure that help store food except:
gladiolus zonal geraniums iris crocus |
zonal geraniums
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all of the following plants are examples of monocots except:
corn onions grasses beans |
beans
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all of the following are parts of a leaf except:
blade spathe petiole stipules |
spathe
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this individuals main job is caring for and handling cut flowers:
floral designer salesperson cut flower processor crop producer |
cut flower processor
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sponsoring a breast cancer awareness event would be a good example of:
promoting adversing marketing in-store selling |
promoting
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when using the ratio-markup method for pricing, how much are creative designs and basic corsage marked up:
2 to 1 3 to 1 4 to 1 5 to 1 |
4 to 1
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in most flowers shops, the majority of orders come in through this method:
walk-ins telephone internet |
telephone
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this day is celebrated by gathering flowers and secretly filling baskets to hang on doors:
may day mother's day easter valentines day |
may day
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these two countries are the largest exporters of cut flowers into the united states:
columbia and ecuador netherlands and italy canada and mexico columbia and canada |
columbia and ecuador
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this is a term referring to the peak supply times for flowers and foliage:
harvest availability seasonal availability importer availability condition availability |
seasonal availability
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national grandparents day is:
first sunday in september following labor day first saturday in september after labor day second saturday in september second sunday in september |
first sunday in september following labor day
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AAF stands for:
american association of floriculture american academy of floriculture austin academy of floriculture americas amazing floriculture |
american academy of floriculture
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the terminology "cide" actually translates to:
to protect and serve to kill to hold harmless to prevent excess damage |
to kill
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cytokinins are used on plants to stimulate:
cell enlargement cell elongation cell division inhibit stem elongation |
cell division
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all of the fallowing plants have bulb like structures that help store food except:
gladiolus zonal geramiums iris crocus |
zonal geramiums
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when chrysanthemums are first potted for 1 to 3 weeks you should:
keep days long and nights long keep days short and nights shorts keep days short and nights long keep days long and nights short |
keep days short and nights long
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percent germination is in the percent of_________ that will ________ and ___________:
cells divide degenerate cells form reproduce stems root split seeds sprout grow |
seeds sprout grow
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transpiration is the process in which plants:
lose water through stomata in the leaf lose water through epidermis breathe through the leaves none of the above |
lose water through stomata in the leaf
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this type of beneficial insect is between .5 to 1 inch long, is shiny black, and can be marked with bright colors:
soldier beetles parasitic beetles damsel beetles ground beetles |
ground beetles
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these microscopic, typically multi-cellular organism obtain their food parasitically from green plants:
viruses bacteria fungi pests |
fungi
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some of the best insect and disease control measure include:
never disposing of crop residue not rotating your crops purchasing healthy plants plant untreated seeds |
purchasing healthy plants
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____________ alert a greenhouse worker to the toxicity level of a pesticide:
safety words toxic words signal words hazard words |
signal words
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__________ is from damage to a leaf's tissues from sunlight, chemicals or wind:
powdery mildew rust sun burn leaf burn |
leaf burn
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this type of insect tunnels within foliage and leaves a twisting trail on the surface:
mite leaf miner grasshopper mealy bug |
leaf miner
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this adult insect lives under its waxy shell, which sticks to the host plant:
scales root weevils mealy bugs leaf miners |
scales
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symptoms of this disease are sunken, gray or tan spots on leaves, and leaves withering and dropping off:
fireblight anthracnose damping off powdery mildew |
anthracnose
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abnormally streaked or striped flower petals are a symptom of "flower breaking". this problem is common on tulips, lilies, and gladiolus and is caused by:
fungi thrips viruses aphids |
viruses
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which of the following four is not considered a plant disease problem:
leaf spot crown and root rot powdery mildew calyx wilt |
calyx wilt
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pesticides are used to help control:
animal reproduction root growth, stem and leaf beauty weeds, insects, diseases and other organisms that can damage crops tree growth and plant pollution |
weeds, insects, diseases and other organisms that can damage crops
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mealy bugs are closely related to:
spider mites nematodes mollusks scales |
scales
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microorganisms called _____ are fungi and bacterial that live in other plants without harming them:
endophytes endosperms espalier epidermis |
endophytes
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these chemicals enter the plant sap and move through the entire plant:
attractants repellants fumigants systemic |
systemic
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dandelions are a common weed found in the northwest and they spread using:
rhizomes stolons fibrous roots wind borne seeds |
wind borne seeds
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botrytis is encourage by:
high humidity and high light high humidity and low temps high humidity and high temps high humidity and low light |
high humidity and high temps
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nematodes are tiny hair like worms that:
belong to the insect family feed on plant roots attack animals, including human beings all of these |
feed on plant roots
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small spider-like insects on the underside of the leaf, causing the plant to yellow:
aphids spider mites white flies slugs |
spider mites
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the common name for Strelitzia reginae is:
aluminum plant wandering jew bird of paradise friendship plant |
bird of paradise
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which one of the following flowers is an example of a line flower:
rose baby's breath snapdragon aster |
snapdragon
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which of the following plants is the easiest to grow:
bird of paradise spider plant gardenia prayer plant |
spider plant
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the showy part of the poinsettia is its _____:
petal sepal bract spathe |
bract
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which foliage plant is vine like in growth:
snake plant pothos aglaonema ficus elastica |
pothos
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which plant is most commonly sold for its foliage rather than flowers:
azaleas easter lilies hydrangeas rubber plants |
rubber plants
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which is not considered a filler foliage:
huckleberry tree fern baby's breath plumosa |
baby's breath
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the following are examples of perennials with showy flowers except:
chrysanthemum aster dusty miller peony |
dusty miller
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this type of plant has white, intensely fragrant blossoms that contrast is shiny green leaves:
daylily peace lily gardenia tuberose |
gardenia
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the ideal potted mum should have about _____ flowers per pot:
10-12 15-20 12-15 25-30 |
15-20
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this type of plant has big bold leaves and large clusters of flowers that bloom in summer and fall:
impatiens hoya hyacinth hydrangea |
hydrangea
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an example of a plant that grows from a tuberous root would be:
marigold dahlia bearded iris gladioulus |
dahlia
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many bulbs require_____, or chilling period in order to bloom properly:
conditioning stratification vernalization composite |
vernalization
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dianthus caryophyllus is:
lily carnation orchid baby's breath |
carnation
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an example of a plant with rhizomes:
dahlia oriental lily bearded iris freesia |
bearded iris
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a(an) ________ is a plant that lives for only one growing season:
deciduous biennial annual perennial |
annual
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leaves that are striped, edges, or otherwise marked with a color different from the primary color to the leaf are described as being what:
two toned variegated blanched zebra |
variegated
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in flowers the oil that produces their fragrance is called:
attar pubescent olfactory cutin |
attar
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the two most important things that humans receive form plants are:
shade and food oxygen and food beauty and food food and clothing |
oxygen and food
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foliage that is wilt sensitive include:
ming fern leatherleaf fern huckleberry all of the above |
ming fern
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cool temp plant include all of the following except:
potatoes lettuce beans onion |
beans
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liatris, delphinium and gladiolus are all:
mass line filler form |
line
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this type of fertilizer form is sold as spikes, tablets, or beadlike granules that gradually release nutrients over time:
solid fertilizer liquid fertilizer slow-release fertilizer organic fertilizer |
slow-release fertilizer
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the optimum pH range for most crops growing in a soilless medium:
5.8-6.4 1.4-4.8 6.5-7.9 3.5-4.4 |
5.8-6.4
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which of the following is not considered a characteristic of a good propagation medium:
allows easy movement within container free of insects and disease provides excellent aeration and drainage good water-holding capacity |
allows easy movement within container
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adding soil amendments to growing medium can improve which of the following:
compostion ability to drain both of the above neither of the above |
both of the above
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all of the following plants are known for their large beautiful foliage except:
hosta garden canna azalea hydrangea |
azalea
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cut roses are divided into hybrid teas, spray roses, and ____:
stilt sweethearts lovers rose new beginning rose |
sweethearts
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salty soils can be found:
soils with an overuse of fertilizer in arid regions near the seashore all of the above |
all of the above
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the use of _____ can greatly reduce the need for fertilizers especially nitrogen:
phosphan calcium chemicals biostimulants |
biostimulants
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of the sixteen elements needed by plants for growth the 3 that are readily available from the environment are:
nitrogen phosphorus potassium oxygen nitrogen carbon iron nitrogen calcium manganese iron calcium |
oxygen nitrogen carbon
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which of the following pH analysis describes an acidic soil:
7 6.7 8.4 12 |
6.7
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___ is a lightweight mineral with a neutral pH and high water holding capacity:
perlite sphagnum moss peat moss vermiculite |
vermiculite
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hyacinths should be planted in this type of soil:
loam soil sandy soil that holds water clay soil that holds water sandy well drained soil |
sandy well drained soil
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these are also known as trace elements:
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium micronutrients secondary nutrients macronutrients |
micronutrients
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these are legumes or grasses planted specifically to improve garden soil:
high potassium crops powdery mildews cover crops perennial crops |
cover crops
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the presence of potassium is essential for the following reason except:
it encourages plants to resist disease is essential for starch formation encourages a strong health root system flowers and seeds do not form without |
flowers and seeds do not form without
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when using organic mulches, especially sawdust, on blueberries additional ____ is added to maintain good growth:
nitrogen phosphorus potassium iron |
nitrogen
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macronutrient's are the ______ nutrient's that are needed in ____ amounts:
major, larger minor, larger major, smaller minor, smaller |
major, larger
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what is the pH of an alkaline soil:
above 7 below 7 at 7 none of the above |
above 7
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which is not a form that nitrogen is generally purchased in:
nitrate of soda ammonium nitrate ammonium sulfate nitrate sulfur |
nitrate sulfur
|
|
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which is not true of the effects of potassium on plant growth:
increases disease resistance encourages cell division essential for starch formation encourages efficient use of carbon dioxide |
encourages cell division
|
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about____%of the water absorbed is actually used by the plant in its structure:
1 5 10 150 |
1
|
|
|
this type of water moves in all directions in soil just as it does in a glass capillary tube in a science lab:
free moving capillary water gravitational water unavailable capillary water available capillary water |
free moving capillary water
|
|
|
when planting a perennial bed, you must consider the following factor:
drainage organic matter content light exposure all of the above should be considered |
all of the above should be considered
|
|
|
the practice of removing old beaches that are large and unproductive is called:
renewal pruning root pruning heading back thinning |
renewal pruning
|
|
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_______ is known as the time of year in which plant materials create the most interest in the landscape:
planning interest period of interest flower interest foliage interest |
period of interest
|
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when selecting a tree for your yard, con sider all of the following details except:
cultural preferences climate adaptability landscape function what tools you will purchase to care for the tree |
what tools you will purchase to care for the tree
|
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|
_____ are useful for cultivating, weeding, and scooping fertilizers from a bag:
weeders cultivators trowels loppers |
trowels
|
|
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forcing is:
exposing an indoor plant to full outdoor applying excessive amounts of fertilizer to a plant causing a plant to bloom at a predetermined date removing entire branches to a main branch |
causing a plant to bloom at a predetermined date
|
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this is a method of training a tree or shrub so that the branches grow in a flat pattern:
heading thinning shearing espalier |
espalier
|
|
|
to design a perennial garden you must consider:
space timing of bloom soil all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
a method of propagation that is done by breaking apart a plant after it has developed heavy crowns:
stem cuttings cloning division crowning |
division
|
|
|
this type of graft is most often used in topworking trees or grafting to a rootstock that is considerably larger than the scion:
whip graft stenting side veneer cleft graft |
cleft graft
|
|
|
when collecting cuttings from a parent plant make sure to choose one that has made at least ______ of new growth:
1-2 in 12-13 in 2-6 in 1-3 in |
2-6 in
|
|
|
in this type of layering a branch from a parent plant is bent to the ground and partially covered at one point with soil the terminal lend remains exposed:
air trench simple stool |
simple
|
|
|
this is an asexual propagation method using cuttings from succulent greenhouse plants:
micropropagation hard-wood cuttings herbaceous cuttings tissue culture |
herbaceous cuttings
|
|
|
_____ are water soluble and found in the vacules of plants:
phytohormones thiosulfate flavonoids cytokinins |
flavonoids
|
|
|
this type of flower pattern is described as having single pedicalled flowers all arising from the top of a main stem:
raceme spadix umbel catkin |
umbel
|
|
|
the process of plants moving towards the light or sun is called:
photoperiod response phototropic response photo-fantastic response krebs cycle response |
phototropic response
|
|
|
day length is the shortest on:
jan 7 dec 21 dec 12 nov 30 |
dec 21
|
|
|
day length is longest on:
july 7 june 21 june 12 june 30 |
june 21
|
|
|
this type of cutting is made using a 2-4 inch piece of two year old wood with a current season shoot:
root cutting mallet cutting leaf-bud cutting leaf cutting |
mallet cutting
|
|
|
perennials cannot be propagated from:
seeds root cuttings stem cuttings none of the above |
none of the above
|
|
|
Florel is a commercial plant growth regulator used on:
dahlia lily geranium cuttings |
cuttings
|
|
|
the collective term for the tepals is:
calyx corolla pedicil perianth |
perianth
|
|
|
plants respire ____ many hours a day:
18 24 12 16 |
24
|
|
|
all of the following are parts of a leaf except:
blade spathe petiole stipules |
spathe
|
|
|
this type of bulb grows in a cluster, with the swollen portions radiating out from a central point:
tuber tuberous roots rhizome corm |
tuberous roots
|
|
|
the three main internal stem structures include:
xylem, phloem, axillary bud phloem, xylem, terminal bud phloem, xylem, cambium xylem, cambium tip |
phloem, xylem, cambium
|
|
|
which growth regulator has the effect of preventing tall poor quality growth in azalea and petunias:
indoleacetic acid gibberellic acid B-nine off shoot-O |
B-nine
|
|
|
the poinsettia plant requires a black cloth or plastic treatment to trigger early color change, this process is referred to as:
photoperiod response phototropic response photo covering response color creation timing |
photoperiod response
|
|
|
flower preservatives should be used when conditioning flowers to:
intensify colors aids absorption of dyes promote bacterial growth control bacterial growth |
control bacterial growth
|
|
|
foliage below the waterline should be removed to:
prevent the leaves from decaying, which fouls the water prevent photosynthesis from taking place prevent the leaves from using stored food in the stem all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
flowers stems should be recut removing:
.5-1 inch 2-3 inch .5 inch 1-2 inch |
1-2 inch
|
|
|
which of the following are true:
analogous colors are hues opposite each other on the color wheel complementary colors are hues next to each other neither both |
neither
|
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the colonial bouquet is a _____ bouquet that is popular for both ____ and _____:
round, brides, bridesmaids round, ring bearer, ushers triangular, brides, grooms square, flower girl, pew |
round, brides, bridesmaids
|
|
|
the crescent bouquet is one variation of the cascade bouquet that is deigned in a
_____: S shape T shape L shape C shape |
C shape
|
|
|
when making arrangement for a person who is in the hospital what is an item that shouldn't be used in the design:
carnations chrysanthemums a get well card gardenias |
gardenias
|
|
|
sympathy flowers are important to ________ the deceased and ______ the living:
express, remind honor, comfort grieve, inspire grieve, express |
honor, comfort
|
|
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a floral arrangement that uses blue-violet, violet, and red-violet in varying shade and tints is called:
monochromatic analogous tetrad split complementary |
analogous
|
|
|
a(n) ______ bouquet is held at the waist and is created by extending the colonial bouquet into a flowering garland:
|
cascading
|
|
|
when studying egyptian floral history you will see they valued:
simplicity and repetition simplicity and variation ornate with gothic tone majestic and lavish |
simplicity and repetition
|
|
|
what style has 3 major placements of flowers or branches:
japanese hawaiian american greek |
japanese
|
|
|
wedding bouquets can be constructed using any of these ways except:
tying wiring and taping designing in a glass vase inserting into foam |
designing in a glass vase
|
|
|
plastic container have an advantage over glass containers because they:
are heavier are less expensive only come in one color are more expensive |
are less expensive
|
|
|
mille de fleur designs include:
designs where all flowers are large in size designs that do not blend well together designs with all white flowers designs with many diverse flower varieties |
design with many diverse flower varieties
|
|
|
evaluating the size of the flowers, where the arrangement is to be used, the placement of the arrangement, and overall size of design are all related to the following term:
accent scale repetition rhythm |
scale
|
|
|
deluxe floral foam is used to:
hold soft-stemmed flowers absorb water quickly act as a preservative hold heavy-stemmed flowers |
hold heavy-stemmed flowers
|
|
|
the color scheme of the container should _______ with the color scheme of the flowers:
contrast harmonize disagree clash |
harmonize
|
|
|
an ornamental stand, called an epergne, that holds fruit and flowers was popular during this time period:
english-geoegian victorian early american dutch-flemish |
victorian
|
|
|
plant material is classified into four groups based on form and shape there are:
line flowers, foliage, mass flowers, tropicals mass flowers, filler flowers, foliages, form flowers line flowers, mass forms, filler flowers, form flowers none of the above |
mass flowers, filler flowers, foliages, form flowers
|
|
|
all of the following are mass flowers except:
orchids carnations roses daisies |
orchids
|
|
|
this color is a perfect combo of two extremes in emotional temperature:
yellow-oragnge blue purple blue-green |
purple
|
|
|
______ containers have a highly reflective surface that signifies formality and elegance:
wood glass plastic brass |
brass
|
|
|
white milky sap that sometimes bleeds from stems when cut is called:
ethylene latex milk honey |
latex
|
|
|
fruits and vegetables shouldn't be shipped with flowers because they release a lot of:
insects ethylene gas carbon dioxide sugar |
ethylene gas
|
|
|
when working with cut flowers, it is best to use water that is warm because it has:
more O2 less O2 more CO2 less CO2 |
less O2
|
|
|
ethylene gas amounts can be controlled by:
removing old or wilting flowers keeping storage areas sanitized all none |
all
|
|
|
this type of flower is not usually bunched together by floral suppliers:
roses orchids freesia alstromeria |
orchids
|
|
|
this is a method used to dry flowers in the floral industry:
desiccant silica gel borax all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
this type of treatment is used to restore flowers to a visibly turgid condition:
ethylene wetting agents citric acid acidifiers |
citric acid
|
|
|
a condition found on cut rose, gerber a, and other flowers when water no longer enters the stem, causing the stem beneath the flower to become weak:
chicken neck crescent neck base neck bent neck |
bent neck
|
|
|
ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that:
speeds up senescence burns sugar within the plant increases bloom size attracts bees |
speeds up senescence
|
|
|
which of the following is the primary reason for keeping flowers buckets clean:
prevent bacterial growth prevent hydra wilt syndrome prevent cross pollination of incompatible species reduce algae proliferation |
prevent bacterial growth
|
|
|
when conditioning flowers; how hot should the water be in the flower bucket:
24 to 69 degrees 110-120 degrees 69-99 degrees 100-110 degrees |
100-110 degrees
|
|
|
After being placed in a floral preservative solution how long should the flowers remain at room temp for efficient uptake of the solution
1-2 hours 4-5 hours 30 seconds 15-30 minutes |
1-2 hours
|
|
|
An example of a plant that grows from a tuberous root would be
Bearded iris Gladioulus Dahlia Marigold |
Dahlia
|
|
|
The pistil of the plant contains
Phloem cells Egg cells Xylem cells Sperm cells |
Egg cells
|
|
|
This adult insect lives under its waxy shell, which sticks to the host plant
Mealy bugs Leaf miners Root weevils Scales |
Scales
|
|
|
American floriculture crops are considered to be____ quality if they are well branched and ______ with multiple flowers that open_______
High, thin, individually High, full, simultaneously High, thin, simultaneously High, full, individually |
High, full, simultaneously
|
|
|
This is a design that incorporates many diverse flower varieties and colors into one composition
Harmonious Mille de fleur Hogarth Diversified |
Mille de fleur
|
|
|
This type of insecticide is a liquid that is mixed with water
Chemical sterilants Pikes Emulsifiable concentrate Aerosols |
Emulsifiable concentrate
|
|
|
A dibble board is
When the green house foreman posts daily assignments A soil aerator A device for making many planting holes in a flat at one time A soil moisture indicator |
A device for making many planting holes in a flat at one time
|
|
|
Name the missing link in the Chain of life: grower, transporter, retailer, final customer
Accountant Wholesaler Delivery Frank Adams |
Wholesaler
|
|
|
Snapdragons should be stored and shipped ____ at all times to prevent _____ of the spikes
Upright, wilting Flat, curvature Horizontal, drooping Upright, curvature |
Flat, curvature
|
|
|
Flowers that have rounded heads and a visible calyx are wired by this method
Stitch wiring Wrap around Hook Pierce |
Pierce
|
|
|
This type of cutting is made using a 2-4 inch piece of two year old wood with a current season shoot
Leaf cutting Leaf-bud cutting Root cutting Mallet cutting |
Mallet cutting
|
|
|
What are hybrids
Where the plant stores it's food Offspring of two different varieties of one plant A locally grown seed Proper place to make a pruning cut |
Offspring of two different varieties of one plant
|
|
|
Damping off is a common ____ disease in germinating seeds and seedlings
Fungal Flu Viral None |
Fungal
|
|
|
The common name for strelitzia reginae is
Aluminum plant Bird of paradise Friendship plant Wandering jew |
Bird of paradise
|
|
|
To sterilize soil for the use of potted plants or geraniums
190 for 20 mins 180 for 30 mins 170 for 20 mins 165 for 30 mins |
180 for 30 mins
|
|
|
In flowers the oil that provides their fragrance is called
Pubescent Cutin Attar Olifactory |
Attar
|
|
|
ThE first leaves to appear on a plant are called
True leaves Endosperms Capillaries Cotyledons |
Cotyledons
|
|
|
Floral containers should be washed using
Only clean water Commercial cleanser Hot detergent solution and a disinfectant Windex |
Hot detergent solution and a disinfectant
|
|
|
The major function of root hairs on roots is to
Absorb water and minerals from the soil Protect the root as it pushes through the soil Keep the roots warm Grow into larger roots |
Absorb water and minerals from the soil
|
|
|
Perennials cannot be propagated from
Root cuttings Stem cuttings Seeds None |
None
|
|
|
Removal of soluble salts from the soil can be accomplished by a process called
CO2 production Ammonification Leaching Nitrification |
Leaching
|
|
|
This method of drying is mostly used for green and autumn colored leaves and dainty flowers
Pressing Freeze drying Glycerin Fine sand |
Pressing
|
|
|
During this time period, great emphasis was placed on flower symbolism
Greek Renaissance French Byzantine |
Renaissance
|
|
|
The temperature for mums from planting through the first two weeks of short days should be _____ at night, _____ for cloudy days, and _____ for sunny days.
60,63,72 63,65,72 63,63,70 60,63,70 |
63,63,70
|
|
|
Guard cells are leaf structures that control:
movement of water vapor out of a leaf movement of carbon dioxide into a leaf opening and closing of stomata all of the above |
All of the above
|
|
|
After fertilization the egg becomes the
Anther Fruit Seeds Pollen tube |
Fruit
|
|
|
The term for cutting the stem, inserting rooting hormone, and wrapping the cutting with moss and plastic is known as:
Sexual propagation Propagation by bulbs Micro propagation Air layering |
Air layering
|
|
|
What is callus tissue
The floral structure at the base of the flower petals to hold the flower Thin actively growing tissue located between the bark and wood of a plant New shoots that develop from breaks in the axis of leaves and nodes A mass of cell tissue that forms around the wounded area of a plant to begin the healing process |
A mass of cell tissue that forms around the wounded area of a plant to begin the healing process
|
|
|
water clings to the walls of the xylem tubes in stems, this force is called
adhesion choloplastism cohesion respiration |
adhesion
|
|
|
monocot stems have the xylem and phloem
on each side of a cambium layer in small bundles scattered through the stem side by side near the outside of the stem |
in small bundles scattered through the stem
|
|
|
gibberellins stimulate growth by
stimulating cell enlargement cell elongation cell division hastening ripening |
cell elongation
|
|
|
the chemical most often used commercially for root cuttings is
gibberellic acid indoleacetic acid indolebutyric acid talc |
indolebutyric acid
|
|
|
hybrid seeds are developed because they
provide greater vigor produce better crops are more uniform all |
all
|
|
|
which flowers are used to add mass
babys breath carnations gladiolus orchids |
carnations
|
|
|
which greenhouse environmental factor is controlled with the humidistat
co2 light moisture temp |
moisture
|
|
|
the procedure used to break dormancy and to establish some growth before bulbs are bought into a warm room for flowering are called
bolting cooling forcing heating |
forcing
|
|
|
most bedding plants are
annuals biennials centennials perennials |
annuals
|
|
|
mums are propagated by
division hardwood cuttings seeds softwood cuttings |
softwood cuttings
|
|
|
a systemic pesticide controls pests by
systemically killing younger to older pests dissolving into and being moved by plant sap the use of progressively stronger applications of the material preventing insects from molting |
dissolving into and being moved by plant sap
|
|
|
the hairpin method of wiring flowers should be used on
flowers with a large calyx flowers with tubular florets flowers with composite florets only on roses |
flowers with tubular florets
|
|
|
the best method for wiring a small chrysanthemum flower is
clutch wire method hairpin method hook method piercing method |
hook method
|
|
|
Which of the following is the formula for photosynthesis?
Light+chlorophyll+6co2+6h2o=c6h12o6+6o2 Light+chlorophyll+6o2+6h2o=c6h12o6+6o2 Light+chlorophyll+6co2+6ch12o6=6o2 Light+chlorophyll+6co2+6c12h12o12=h2o+6o2 |
Light+chlorophyll+6co2+6h2o=c6h12o6+6o2
|
|
|
Humans breath____ and release______. Plants use ______ and release_____.
O2, co2, co2, o2 Co2, o2, o2, co2 Co2, o2, co2, o2 O2, co2, o2, co2 |
O2, co2, co2, o2
|
|
|
Photosynthesis requires
Sunlight, co2, and 02 Sunlight, water, and glucose Sunlight, water, and co2 Chloroplast, mitochondrian, and water |
Sunlight, water, and co2
|
|
|
Guard cells are leaf structures that control
Movement of water vapor out of leaf Movement of co2 into a leaf Opening and closing of the stomata All |
All
|
|
|
What is an example of a male part of a plant
Pistil Stamen Stigma Calyx |
Stamen
|
|
|
What is callus tissue
The floral structure at the base of the flower petals to hold the flower Thin actively growing tissue located between the bark and wood of a plant New shoots that develop from breaks in the axis of leaves and nodes A mass of cell tissue that forms around the wounded area of a plant to begin the healing process |
A mass of cell tissue that forms around the wounded area of a plant to begin the healing process
|
|
|
Cuttings and tissue culture are examples of
Micro propagation Asexual propagation Sexual propagation Cross pollination |
Asexual propagation
|
|
|
To root leaf cuttings of African violet you should
Insert leaf into medium upside down for max shoot Insert a young leaf with an inch or two of stem into rooting medium Cut the lead into 3 to 4 inch long sections Insert a young leaf flat on the rooting medium |
Insert a young leaf with an inch or two of stem into rooting medium
|
|
|
the pore space in a soil filled with___ percent of water and _____ percent of air is the ideal ratio
25 25 20 30 40 10 none |
25 25
|
|
|
an example of a summer flowering annual is
tulip dusty miller clematis sweet alyssum |
sweet alyssum
|
|
|
a ____ is a chemical used to destroy undesirable plants
insecticide fungicide herbicide pisicicide |
herbicide
|
|
|
what is a weed
plant grown and sold for its beautiful colored leaves and stem plant that provide comfort and beauty to the community plant that is growing out of place or an unwanted plant none |
plant that is growing out of place or an unwanted plant
|
|
|
which of the following is not s signal word on a pesticide label
warning caution danger chronic |
chronic
|
|
|
an aphid sucks out the sap of aslant and dies. which kind of poison caused its death?
contact poison fumigant repellant systemic |
systemic
|
|
|
this is a method used to dry flowers in the floral industry
desiccant silica gel borax all |
all
|
|
|
when working with gardenias, browning of the petals can be lessened by doing what
placing flowers in water first using gloves keeping your hands wet working with them in a cold room |
keeping your hands wet
|
|
|
the use of four different colors that are widely separated on the color wheel is referred to as
contrasting color scheme triadic color scheme split-complementary color scheme discordant color scheme |
discordant color sheme
|
|
|
of the following colors, _______ shows the highest value
burgundy maroon hot pink red |
hot pink
|
|
|
the most important element of design is
balance color style harmony |
color
|
|
|
a perosn who identifies and classifies plants is known as
taxidermist agronomist taxonomist horticulturist |
taxonomist
|
|
|
in large flower shops who focuses on one type of work
specialized consumers specialized designers sales person flower merchandiser |
specialized designers
|
|
|
nosegays originated during which time period
victorian renaissance baroque english-georgian |
victorian
|
