Fljr/srhs Biology Vocabulary Chapter 9

Front 1

aerobic

Back 1

Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen.

Front 2

anaerobic

Back 2

Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.

Front 3

calorie (cal)

Back 3

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C; the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.

Front 4

cellular respiration

Back 4

The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.

Front 5

electron transport chain

Back 5

A sequence of electron-carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

Front 6

fermentation

Back 6

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end-product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Front 7

glycolysis

Back 7

The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration.

Front 8

Krebs cycle

Back 8

A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.

Front 9

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Back 9

Abbreviation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism.