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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which two nerves do not have branches in the arm?
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ulnar and median n.
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What is the main anterior and posterior nerves in the forearm?
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Anterior - mostly median some ulnar
Posterior - radial |
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What is the main anterior nerve in the hand, and what innervates the thumb?
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Anterior - mostly ulnar some median n.
Thumb - radial n. it is on lateral side |
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What are the radius and ulna joined by?
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interosseous membrane
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At wrist which bone absorbs the bulk of the force? at the elbow? why?
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Wrist - Radius. Elbow - ulna
Because the load is transfered by the interosseous membrane |
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What joint allows for pronation and supination of the hand?
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Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
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In anatomic position which forearm bone is medial and which is lateral? Which bone moves and which is stationary?
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Radius is lateral - ulna is medial
Radius moves, the ulna is stationary |
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What is the primary rotatory component of supination and pronation?
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Anular ligament of the radius
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What are the 8 carpal bones? Proximal lateral to medial. Distal lateral to medial
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Some lovers try positions that they can't handle
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
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What is the most often fractured carpal bone. Which bone aligns with the 3rd metacarpal
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1- scaphoid
2- capitate |
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What 3 parts make up a metacarpal? How are the metacarpals numbered?
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Base (proximal), body and head.
1-5 lateral to medial |
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How many phalanges are there? What does a thumb have, a finger?
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14.
Thumb - proximal and distal phalanx Finger - proximal, middle, distal phalanx |
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What movements do the phalanges allow?
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Extension and flexion
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What is an interphalangealjoint? A Metacarpophalangial joint?
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joint between phalanges. Joint between metacarpal and phalangial
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Look at carpal joints
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Carpal joints
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How many metacarpophalangeal joints are there, and what movements do the joints allow?
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5 joints. Allow flexion and extension. Abduction and adduction. Circumduction
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How many interphalangeal joints are there total? Finger? thumb?
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9 total. Finger has 2 Distal and proximal interphalangeal joint. Thumb has 1 - interphalangeal joint
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What movements do the interphalangeal joints allow? Which ligaments are important?
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Flexion and extension.
ii. Palmar and collateral ligaments |
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What is movement of the phalanges related to?
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Middle finger
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What are the superficial forearm muscles and what do they do and what do they arise from?
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PFPF - Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Primarily flexors of the wrist; arise from a common tendon on the medial epicondyle |
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Digitorum refers to?
Carpal referst to? |
1. fingers
2. wrist |
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What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis? The palmaris longus?
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1- flex carpal bones of radial side
2- tightens skin in the palms |
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What muscle is in the intermediate forearm group? What is its action, and where does it arise?
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1- flexor digitorum superficialis
2- flexor of the middle phalanges; arises from a common tendon on the medial epicondyle and proximal radius |
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What muscles are in the deep group of the forearm (3), what is their action and what do they arise from?
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1- Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadrates.
Flexor of the distal phalanges. Arise from the ulna and interosseous membrane |
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What does the brachial artery terminally branch into?
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Ulnar a. medially and the radial a. laterally
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How does the radial artery travel?
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Deep to the medial border of brachioradialis m. and then becomes superficial distally to allow a pulse to be taken
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What are the branches of the radial a? (5)
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Radial recurrent, muscular branches to the superficial extensors, palmar carpal branch, superficial palmar branch, deep palmar arch
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What branches off the ulnar a. in the proximal forearm?
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Common interosseous a.
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How does the ulnar a. travel?
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Passes deep to the pronator teres m. then descends on the surface of the flexor digitorum profundus m
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Where does the ulnar a. enter the wrist?
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Superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the ulnar n.
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What are the 5 branches of the ulnar a?
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MADDS
Muscular branches to the superficial flexors, Anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent, Dorsal and palmar carpal branches, Deep palmar arch, Superficial palmar arch |
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What is the origin and what are the terminal branches of the common interosseous a.?
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Originates at the ulnar, branches into the anterior and posterior interosseous a.
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What comes off the posterior interosseous a?, what does it pierce, and what does it supply?
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a. interosseous recurrent a.
b. pierces interosseous membrane c. supplies deep extensor mm |
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What does the anterior interosseous a. run with and supply?
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Runs with anterior interosseous n.
Supplies deep flexor mm |
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Where does the ulnar lie? what does it travel between, where does it enter the wrist, and what does it innervate?
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Lies posterior to humeral medial epicondyle, travels between heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris, enters the wrist superficial to the flexor retinaculum, innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
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Where does the median nerve lie, what does it travel between?
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Lies deep to bicipital aponeurosis and medial to brachial a. and deep to flexor digitorum superficialis. Travels between the heads of pronator teres
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What does the median nerve innervate?
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Both pronator muscles and all the remaining forearm flexors
a. superficial and intermediate groups directly by median n. b. Deep group is innervated by anterior interosseous branch |
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Where does the median nerve enter the wrist?
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Deep to the flexor retinaculum
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What are the 4 branches of the median n?
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a. Anterior interosseous n
b. palmar (sensory) branch of median n. superficial to the flexor retinaculum (not involved in carpal tunnel) c. Recurrent (motor) branch to thenar muscles - superficial involved in laceration d. Digital cutaneous branches |
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What is the carpal tunnel formed by?
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A row of carpal bones posteriorly and a fibrous flexor retinaculum anteriorly
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What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
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4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
4 Flexor digitorum profundus tendons Flexor pollicis longus tendon Median n |
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What is carpal tunnel syndrome and what are signs and symptoms?
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1. Compression of the median n. within the carpal tunnel
2. numbness, tingling, pain in first 3 fingers, worse at night, lead to weakness, wasting of the thenar. |
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How can you diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Tinel's test - tapping on median n.
Phalen's test - flexion of wrist |
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What might a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus injure?
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Median n.
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What is pronator syndrome?
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Compession of the median n. due to entrapment by the two heads of the pronator teres muscle in the elbow region
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What will pronator syndrome present as?
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Median n. So supinated forearm with weak wrist flexion, loss of IP flexion of the 1st-3rd digits, loss of thumb opposition, and a flattened thenar eminence. Flexing produces the papal sign.
ii. Sensory loss to lateral half of hand and palmar side of lateral 3 1/2 fingers |
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Where is the median n. most commonly injured and by what?
Looks like? |
Injured at the wrist by stab wound or broken glass. It would produce flattened thenar eminence resulting in a flattened "ape-like" hand
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What What would anterior interosseous nerve injury cause?
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Loss of innervation to flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadrates, flexor digitorum profundus (radial 1/2)
Can't form ok sign |
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What does a fracture of medial epicondyle commonly injure?
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Ulnar nerve
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What would ulnar nerve damage present as?
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a. numbness on ulnar side of forearm & hand, especially the 4th and 5th digits
b. can't hold paper between fingers c. results in "claw hand"position |
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What is a collies fracture?
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Distal radius is displaced posteriorly, due to fall on outstretched hand
Dinnerfork deformity |
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What is the most common fracture of carpal bone?
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scaphoid fracture
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of the flexor carpi radialis?
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O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal A: flexes and abducts hand N: Median n. C5-T1 |
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of flexor carpi ulnaris?
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O: Medial epicondyle, olecranon process of ulna
I: Pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal A: Flexes and adducts hand N: Ulnar n. C8, T1 |
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of the palmaris longus
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O: Medial epicondyle
I: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum A: Flexes hand, tightens palmar aponeurosis N: Median n C5-T1 |
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of Pronator Teres
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O: Medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna
I: Middle of lateral radius A: pronates and flexes forearm N: Median n. C5-T1 |
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What is the Origin, Insertion of the Flexor digitorum superficialis
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O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior border of the radius
I: Sides of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits |
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What is the Action and Nerve of the flexor digitorum superfiicalis?
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A: Flexes middle phalanges, continued action flexes proximal phalanges and hand
N: Median N C5-T1 |
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What is the Origin, Insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?
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O: Medial and anterior ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits |
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What is the Action and Nerve of the flexor digitorum profundas?
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A: flexes distal phalanges, continued action flexes proximal phalanges and hand
N: anterior interosseous n (median) to laeteral part; ulnar n to medial part |
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of the Flexor pollicis longus?
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O: Radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb A: flexes thumb N Anterior interosseous n |
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What is the Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve of pronator quadratus?
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O: Distal 1/4 of ulna
I: Anterior surface of distal 1/4 of radius A: Pronates forearm N: Anterior interosseous |
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What fingers are lateral?
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Pointer and middle finger
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What fingers are medial?
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Pinky and ring finger
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the medial antebrachial cutaneous?
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O: Medial cord of brachial plexus
C: In midarm pierces deep fascia to course in superficial fascia with basilic vein along medial aspect of forearm D: Skin over medial aspect of forearm |
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
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O: continuation of musculocutaneous (C5-7)
C: At cubital fossa, pierces deep fascia and courses in superficial fascia along lateral aspect of forearm D: Skin over lateral aspect of forearm |
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the Posterior antebrachial cutaneous C5-T1
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O: Radial N
C: Pierces lateral intermuscular septum in distal portion of arm to course in superficial fascia on posterior aspect of forearm D: Skin over posterior aspect of forearm |
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the Ulnar C8-T1
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O: Medial cord of brachial plexus
C: Follows brachial a. and at elbow passes along ulnar groove of medial epicondyle; passes through forearm between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus mm D: Flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus mm |
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the Median C5-T1
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O: Lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus
C: Follows brachial a; at cubital fossa passes between heads of pronator teres to course through forearm deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis m. D: Supplies all flexors in forearm not supplied by ulnar. |
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What is the origin, course and distribution of the Deep branch of the Radial C5-T1
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O: Radial n in proximal forearm
C: penetrates supinator m. to reach the posterior compartment D: Supplies all forearm extensors not supplied by the radial n. proper |
