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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Class Turbellaria
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Example: Planaria
Fresh water, free living (nonparasitic) predators and scavengers |
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What are Tubellaria named for?
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Named for the turbulence that their beating cilia create in the water
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What size and color are the Turbellaria worms?
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Range from 1 cm – 60 cm
Black, brown, grey & some with brightly colored patterns |
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Epidermis (Turbellaria)
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exterior layer; contain pigment & some have cilia
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Describe the muscles (Turbellaria)
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Muscles run:
Circular Longitudinal Dorsoventrally Obliquely |
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Parenchyma
(Turbellaria) |
cells that fill space (no function)
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Eyespots
(Turbellaria) |
light sensitive, 2 ocelli
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Cilia
(Turbellaria) |
ventral surface, movement
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Mouth
(Turbellaria) |
midventrally; opening
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Proboscis
(Turbellaria) |
pharynx, sucks up food
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Gastrovascular cavity
(Turbellaria) |
intestine, digests food, secretes enzymes
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Protonephridia
(Turbellaria) |
cell that removes cellular waste (flame cell)
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Genital pore
(Turbellaria) |
opening through which sperm and eggs pass
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What are the 3 Glandular cells?
(Turbellaria) |
Rhabdites – release protective mucous
Adhesive glands – produce chemical that helps turbellarian attach to substrate Releaser glands – secrete chemical to dissolve the attachment |
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Rhabdites
(Turbellaria) |
release protective mucous
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Adhesive glands
(Turbellaria) |
produce chemical that helps turbellarian attach to substrate
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Releaser glands
(Turbellaria) |
secrete chemical to dissolve the attachment
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Locomotion
(Turbellaria) |
Gliding is both muscular and ciliary
Mucus helps in adhesion and traction of the cilia Rapid muscular movements from anterior to posterior, propelling the animal forward |
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Digestion
(Turbellaria) |
Ranges from unbranched chambers to highly branched system of digestive tubes to lobed (see fig 10.5)
Highly branched systems allow for more surface area of gastrodermis to be closer for digestion & absorption…therefore reducing the distance that the nutrients and wastes must diffuse Pharynx – ingestive organ |
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Pharynx
(Turbellaria) |
ingestive organ
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Nutrition
(Turbellaria) |
Some are carnivores
eat small invertebrates Some are scavengers Eat larger dead, animals Some herbivores Eat plants Primary digestion is extracellular then smaller units of food are taken in and digested intracellularly |
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Exchanges with the Environment
(Turbellaria) |
Diffusion of O2 & CO2
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Protonephridia
(Turbellaria) |
networks of fine tubules that run the length of the turbellarian
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Flame cells
(Turbellaria) |
branches off of the protonephridia where metabolic waste enter
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Nephridiopore
(Turbellaria) |
tubules that open to the outside of the body & rid the body of metabolic waste
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Nervous
(Turbellaria) |
Sub epidermal nerve plexus (nerve net under epidermis)
a. ladder shaped b. brain, longitudinal nerves, transverse nerves c. eyespots (light); tactile cells (touch); chemoreceptive cells (chemicals) d. statocyst (balance) * some have rheoreceptors – sense direction of water current |
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Sensory receptors
(Turbellaria) |
Tactile receptors
Chemoreceptors Photoreceptors (ocelli) |
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Asexual reproduction
(Turbellaria) |
Fragmentation
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Sexual Reproduction – monoecious - what does the Male system do?
(Turbellaria) |
Male system
Testes – make sperm Efferent ductules – small tubes, carry sperm Seminal vesicle – stores own sperm |
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Sexual Reproduction – monoecious - what does the Female system do?
(Turbellaria) |
Female System
Ovary – make egg Oviduct – tube carry egg to vagina Yolk glands – add nutrients (yolk) to egg Vagina – eggs fertilized here Seminal receptacle – large sac stores sperm from another worm |
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Zygote
(Turbellaria) |
fertilized egg, laid in a cocoon
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Describe the 2 cocoons for Turbellaria
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Summer cocoons – hatch in 2 – 3 weeks
Autumn cocoons – have thick walls to resist freezing/drying and can overwinter so that they will hatch in spring |
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Class Monogea
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Only have 1 generation in their life cycle. (1 adult develops from 1 egg)
External parasites of fish Attach to gills Feed on epithelial cells, mucus and blood |
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Class Trematoda (aka: Flukes)
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ALL ARE PARASITIC
Example: liver fluke |
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Tegument
( Trematoda ) |
waxy coating over body (protect it from the host)
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Glands
( Trematoda ) |
produce cyst stage
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Suckers and hooks
( Trematoda ) |
used to attach to body of host
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Sense organs
( Trematoda ) |
poorly developed
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Reproductive host
( Trematoda ) |
a. definitive host – in which fluke reproduces sexually
b. intermediate host – in which fluke reproduces asexually |
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Human Flukes
( Trematoda ) |
Sheep Liver Fluke
Blood Fluke Chinese Liver Fluke |
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Life Cycle of Chinese Liver Fluke
( Trematoda ) |
The adult liver fluke in the human liver.
2 The fertilized eggs are lost with the feces. 3 The ciliated larva burrows into a snail. 4 Another type of larva, which has been reproduced asexually, leaves the snail. 5 Each of these larvae forms a resistant cyst. 6 The cyst remains on plants, such as water cress; which is eaten by humans. |
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Class Cestoda aka: tapeworms
Means? |
meaning: “belt”
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Structure
(Cestoda aka) |
Structures
Lack mouth & digestive system Proglottids – segments made by budding Tegument – waxy coating Long, flat body |
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3 Distinct Body parts
(Cestoda aka) |
scolex
-Head, hooks, suckers Mature proglottid -Monoecious -Has ability to produce sperm & egg Gravid proglottid -“pregnant” |
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Adult Tapeworms in Small Intestines
(Cestoda aka) |
Because they live in a stable internal environment, they have lost complex systems and only have a complex reproductive system
Muscles – well developed Digestive system – NONE (absorbs through tegument… no special sense organs |
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Tapeworm Life Cycle
(Cestoda aka) |
The adult tapeworm in the human gut.
2 Mature segments leave the gut in the feces. 3 The segments are eaten by a pig. 4 The eggs (oncosphere)hatch into larvae in the pig's gut. 5 The larvae burrow into the muscles of the pig and form cysts (cysticercus). 6 The cysts are introduced into the human gut if undercooked pork is eaten. |
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Human Parasitic Tapeworms
(Cestoda aka) |
Beef tapeworm
Pork Tapeworm Fish tapeworm |
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Phylum Nemertea:Ribbon Worm
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Closed circulatory system – heart, blood vessels
*complete digestive system – mouth & anus *habitat – marine *nutrition --holozoic (ingestion of liquid or solid organic particles) – --carnivores seize prey (not parasitic) *pilidium – larvae * dioecious |
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What is the difference between a definitive and intermediate host?
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D – rep. sexually
I – rep. asexually |
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What does the term “Cestoda” mean?
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Belt
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What are proglottids?
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Segments in the tapeworm made by budding
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What is the tegument?
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Waxy coating
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What is the scolex?
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The head of the tapeworm
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How do tapeworms digest food?
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Absorb through tegument… no digestive system
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What kind of worm belongs to the class trematoda?
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Flukes
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What class do tapeworms belong to?
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cestoda
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