Flash Cards For First Doe Test

Front 1

What are the 2 types of statistics?

Back 1

Specific Numbers and Method of analysis.

Front 2

What are Specific Numbers?

Back 2

numerical measurement determined by a set of data

Front 3

What is Method of Analysis?

Back 3

A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, pressenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.

Front 4

The complete collection of all elements

The collection is complete in the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied.

Back 4

Population

Front 5

the collection of data from every element in a population

Back 5

Census

Front 6

a subcollection of elements drawn from a population

Back 6

sample

Front 7

every ten years each person is to be counded in the US(really big sample)

Back 7

US Census

Front 8

a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population

Back 8

parameter

(population-->parameter)

Front 9

a numerical meansurement describing some characteristic of a sample

Back 9

Statistic
(sample-->statistic)

Front 10

numbers representing counts of measurements

Back 10

Quantitive Data

Front 11

can be separated into different categories that are distinuished by some nonumeric characteristics
ex: genders of college students

Back 11

Qualitative data

Front 12

number of possible values is either a finite number or a countable number of possible values
ex: number of eggs a chicken lays

Back 12

Dicrete Data

Front 13

what are the 4 types of data

Back 13

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Front 14

data, characterized that consists of names, lables, or categories only. the data cannot be arranged in a ordering scheme

ex: survey resonses: yes, no, maybe

Back 14

Nominal (data)

Front 15

data, that may be arranged in some order, but differencces between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless

ex: A, B, C, D, E, F...

Back 15

ordinal (data)

Front 16

data, in which values are meaningful but there in no natural zero starting point

ex: years, 1000, 2000, 1778, 1990

Back 16

interval (data)

Front 17

data, in which it includes the natural zero starting point(where zero indicates taht none of the quantity is peresent

differences and ratios are meaningful in this level

Back 17

Ratio (data)

Front 18

What fields of study benefit statistics?

Back 18

Almost all fields

Front 19

what are self-selected surveys?

Back 19

surveys in which the reasondents themselves decide whethre to be included

Front 20

why are small samples bad?

Back 20

they can be misleading

the smaller the sample size the less representative

Front 21

what are loaded questions?

Back 21

survey questions worded to eleict a desired response

Front 22

what should you always look at to make sure graphs are not misleading?

Back 22

the actual numbers

Front 23

What is pollster pressure?

Back 23

where the subject often provides responses that are favorable to their self image

the way the question is asked can change the answer

Front 24

what is bad about estimates?

Back 24

they can sometimes just be guesses

Front 25

What are the 4 steps to designing of experiments?

Back 25

1.identify you objective
2.collect sample data
3. use random procedure
4. analyze the data and form conclusions

Front 26

What is observational study?

Back 26

observing something and measuring the characteristics

Front 27

what is an experiment?

Back 27

applying some treatment and then observing its effects

Front 28

What are the 2 groups of experimental subjects?

Back 28

the treatment group and the control group.

Front 29

what is the treatment group in an experiment?

Back 29

the group of subjects that get the actual treatment

Front 30

what is the control group in an experiment?

Back 30

the part of the subjects who don't get a particular treatment

Front 31

what is the placebo effect?

Back 31

when a control subject believes they are geting the treatment and reports improvement

Front 32

what is blinding?

Back 32

when the subjects doesnt know if they are getting the treatment or the placebo

Front 33

what is double blinding?

Back 33

when the subjects nor the reasearchers know who is getting the treatment and who is geting the placebo

Front 34

when picking a group of subjects what should you consider?

Back 34

groups of subjects that are similar

Front 35

what is replication?

Back 35

when an experiment is repeated on a sample of subjects that is large enough so that we can see the effects

Front 36

what is confounding?

Back 36

occurs in an experiment when the effects from 2 or more varibles cannot be distinguished from each other

Front 37

what is random sampling?

Back 37

every single person has an equal chance of being used for the sample

Front 38

what is systematic sampling?

Back 38

when a starting point is selected and they select every "K" person

Front 39

what is convenice sampling?

Back 39

using results that are readily avaible like who ever is around

Front 40

what is stratified sampling?

Back 40

subdiving the population into subgroups that share the same characteristics, and then drwling a sample of the members

Front 41

what is a cluster sampling?

Back 41

dividing the population into sections; randomly selecting some of those clusters; choose all the members from the cluster

Front 42

what is a sampling error due to?

Back 42

randomness

Front 43

what is a nonsampling error due to?

Back 43

data incorectally collected, recorded or analyzed