Flash Cards For 2Nd Anatomy Test

Front 1

Process

Back 1

Projection, bump

Front 2

Foramen

Back 2

A hole through a bone

Front 3

Fossa

Back 3

A shallow depression

Front 4

Head

Back 4

The proximal end of a bone that fits into a joint

Front 5

Neck

Back 5

Part of the bone under the head

Front 6

Ramus

Back 6

An extention of a bone

Front 7

Calcitriol

Back 7

Produced in kidneys and helps produce calcium phosphate

Front 8

Growth Hormone

Back 8

Made in pituitary gland

Front 9

Thyroxine

Back 9

Bone growth; produced in thyroid gland

Front 10

Sex Hormones

Back 10

Produced in ovaries and testes

Front 11

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 11

Increases how much calcium we store; produced in the parathyroid gland

Front 12

Calcitronin

Back 12

Decreases calcium storage; produced in thyroid gland (C cell)

Front 13

Axial Skeleton

Back 13

Skull and associated bones, Thoracic area, vertibral column; based on midline long axis of the body; Made up of 80 bones

Front 14

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 14

Shoulder girdle, pelvic bones, lower extremedies; Made up of 126 bones

Front 15

Sections of Vertebral Column

Back 15

Cervical, Thorasic, and Lumbar Vertebrae; Sacral and Coccyx(fused).

Front 16

Atlas

Back 16

First cervical vertebrae; Allows us to move head yes

Front 17

Axis

Back 17

Second cervical vertebrae; allows us move head no

Front 18

True Ribs

Back 18

First seven ribs; insert into sternum

Front 19

False Ribs

Back 19

The bottom five ribs; the first three are attached to the sternum by cartilege

Front 20

Floating Ribs

Back 20

The last two of the false ribs that don't attach to any cartilege

Front 21

Articulation

Back 21

Another name for a joint

Front 22

Fibrous

Back 22

Two bones connected togeather by tough fibrous connective tissues, ex. skull

Front 23

Cartilaginous

Back 23

Bones are connected togeather by cartilege connective tissue, ex. between vertebrae

Front 24

Synovial

Back 24

Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, articular capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilege, reinforcing ligaments; ex. Joints of extremedies

Front 25

Synarthrosis

Back 25

No motion

Front 26

Amphiarthrosis

Back 26

Modest degree of motion

Front 27

Diarthrosis

Back 27

Freely movable

Front 28

Tendons

Back 28

Attachment of muscle to bone

Front 29

Ligaments

Back 29

Attach bone to bone

Front 30

Bursae

Back 30

Lubricating sacts found in joints that connect to ligaments

Front 31

Hinge Joint

Back 31

Elbow, knee

Front 32

Pivot Joint

Back 32

C2 axis to C1 atlas joint

Front 33

Ball-and-socket Joint

Back 33

Shoulders, hips

Front 34

Saddle Joint

Back 34

Thumb Joint

Front 35

Gliding Joint

Back 35

Knuckle

Front 36

Elipsoidal Joint

Back 36

Wrist moving on forearm

Front 37

Luxation

Back 37

Dislocation

Front 38

Subluxation

Back 38

Partial dislocation

Front 39

Flexion

Back 39

Head down

Front 40

Extention

Back 40

Head straight forward

Front 41

Hyperextention

Back 41

Head straight up

Front 42

Abduction

Back 42

Moving away from the core of the bod

Front 43

Adduction

Back 43

Moving towards the core of the body

Front 44

Roatation

Back 44

Arm out turning it over

Front 45

Circumduction

Back 45

Moving arm full circles

Front 46

Supination

Back 46

Palms up

Front 47

Pronation

Back 47

Palms down

Front 48

Inversion

Back 48

Outside of the foot is stood on

Front 49

Eversion

Back 49

Inside of the foot is stood on

Front 50

Plantar flexion

Back 50

Point toe down

Front 51

Dorsiflexion

Back 51

Heel down toe up

Front 52

Retraction

Back 52

Pull shoulders back

Front 53

Protraction

Back 53

Push shoulder forward

Front 54

Sprain

Back 54

Tear to one of the boney ligaments, and sometimes cartilege tears

Front 55

Bursitis

Back 55

Inflammation in the bursae sac which helps support joints

Front 56

Tendonitis

Back 56

Inflammation of the tendon

Front 57

Arthritis

Back 57

Inflammation and degredation to cartilege in a joint

Front 58

Types of Arthritis

Back 58

Degenerative(Osteoarthritis), Theumatoid(autoimmune and no known cause), Septic(From blood born infection), Gouty(Innability to clear out uric acid)

Front 59

Smooth Muscle

Back 59

Respiratory, Giestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Blood vessels

Front 60

Cardiac Muscle

Back 60

Heart only. Automaticity(pacemaker). Part of Autonomic N.S. Does not have the capability to produce tetany

Front 61

Skeletal Muscle

Back 61

Excitable, Contractile, Elastic, Heal Poorly, Distensible. Produce motion, stability, heat. Maintain posture, sphincter guard entrances and exits. Enhances venous return to the heart

Front 62

Perimysium

Back 62

Envelope that wraps muscles fassicles

Front 63

Fasicles

Back 63

Smaller parts inside of muscle

Front 64

Endomysium

Back 64

Envelope the muscle fibers(cells)

Front 65

Epimysium

Back 65

Envelop the entire muscles

Front 66

Origin

Back 66

Site of attachment, proximal, site of lesser motion

Front 67

Insertion

Back 67

Normally distal, site of freater motion

Front 68

Circular

Back 68

sphincter muscles, create cicatrical movement when contracting

Front 69

Convergent

Back 69

Almost triangular fashion; ex. Pectoralis Major

Front 70

Parallel

Back 70

Fibers run parallel

Front 71

Fusiform

Back 71

Big center with tapered ends; ex. bicep

Front 72

Pennate

Back 72

Feathering effect; 3 forms uni, bi, multi

Front 73

Sarcolemma

Back 73

Wrapping around muscle

Front 74

Sarcoplasm

Back 74

liquid in the muscles

Front 75

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 75

the factory of the muscles, produces ionic calcium

Front 76

Agonist

Back 76

Prime mover

Front 77

Anagonist

Back 77

Muscle which opposes the prime mover

Front 78

Synergist

Back 78

Muscle that helps do the work

Front 79

Fixator

Back 79

Muscle which produces immobilization

Front 80

Sarcomere

Back 80

Functional unit of a skeletal muscle

Front 81

Motor Unit

Back 81

Never and all muscle cells it controls

Front 82

5 Statements About Muscles

Back 82

1.All muscles cross one joint
2.Bulk of muscle lies proximal to joint
3.Have at least two attachment points(origon & insertion)
4.Can only pull
5.During contrction insertion moves towards origion

Front 83

Efferent

Back 83

A sensory nerve moving away from a reference point

Front 84

Afferent

Back 84

Sensory nerve moving toward a reference point

Front 85

Somatic(Afferent)

Back 85

Sensation of feeling pain on skin and in bones

Front 86

Special(Afferent)

Back 86

Sense of smell, sight, hearing, taste, and balance

Front 87

Visceral(Afferent)

Back 87

Heart beating fast, carmps, heartburn

Front 88

Somatic(Efferent)

Back 88

Movement of muscles

Front 89

Autonomic(Efferent)

Back 89

Involuntary muscles, heartrate, sigestion

Front 90

Sympathetic(Efferent)

Back 90

Fight and Flight

Front 91

Parasympathetic(Efferent)

Back 91

Resting and digesting

Front 92

Epinerium

Back 92

Outside covering of a nerve

Front 93

Perinuerium

Back 93

Covers never fibers

Front 94

Endonerium

Back 94

Covers nerve cells

Front 95

Neuron

Back 95

Functional part of nervous system

Front 96

Oligodendrocyte

Back 96

Provides the insulation around the neurons

Front 97

Astrocytes

Back 97

largest cell, most numerous, starr shaped, responsible for being the structured frame work for CNS also provides a blood-brain barrier limit connect between blood and neurons

Front 98

Microglial

Back 98

Rarest, smallest cells, fagocytes of nervous system responsible for identifying agents

Front 99

Ependymul

Back 99

Line and cover the brain line ventricles line central canal

Front 100

Unmyelinated

Back 100

Uninsulated cells, become gray matter, cell bodies are usually unmyelinated

Front 101

Myleinated

Back 101

Insulated nerves, white matter, axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes

Front 102

Periphreal Nervous System

Back 102

Myleinated, Cell bodies(sattelite cells), Axons(schwann cells)

Front 103

Brain

Back 103

Cerebral Cortex(two hemispheres), Diencephalan, Midbrain(Pons, medulla Oblongata), Brain Stem, Spinal Cord

Front 104

Coverings

Back 104

Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Piamater

Front 105

Ventricles

Back 105

Holes, filled with cerebral spinal fluid(cushions brain and supplies nutrients, gets rid of waste)

Front 106

Cerebral Spinal fluid amount

Back 106

150cc's. Made in 3rd ventricle in Choroid plexus. Make 500 cc's a day

Front 107

Cerebellum

Back 107

Balance, coordination of motor activities

Front 108

Central Sulcus

Back 108

Main, deeper groove in the brain

Front 109

Cerebrum

Back 109

Intellect

Front 110

Cerebellum

Back 110

Fine motor coordination, balance

Front 111

Diencephalon

Back 111

thalmus, hypothalmus, pituitary, coordinating, link between nervous and dendocrine system

Front 112

Brain stem

Back 112

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblingata. Responsible for vegetative system. Autonomous nervous system.

Front 113

Frontal

Back 113

Motor act

Front 114

Parietal

Back 114

Sensory act

Front 115

Occipital

Back 115

Visual center

Front 116

Temporal

Back 116

Hearing and smell center

Front 117

Cerebral cortex

Back 117

Grey matter

Front 118

White matter

Back 118

Axons(myelinated)

Front 119

Limbic System

Back 119

motivational and emotional

Front 120

Basal Nuclei

Back 120

efferent

Front 121

Thalmus

Back 121

Relay station for the nervous motor activity

Front 122

Pons

Back 122

Respiration

Front 123

Medulla Oblongata

Back 123

BP, HR, Vomitting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing

Front 124

Periphrial Nervous System

Back 124

13 pairs of Cranial nerves(orig. in brain) 31 pairs of spinal nerves(originate in spine)

Front 125

Cervical Plexus

Back 125

C1-C5

Front 126

Brachial Plexus

Back 126

Family of nerves responsible for sensation and motor activity in supper arm C5-T1

Front 127

Lumbar Plexus

Back 127

Ciatic nerves. Controls from posterior pelvis to feet.