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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Dilution equation
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M1V1=M2V2
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Reaction rate
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Is a measure of speed of a chemical reaction. U.O.M.: (M/s)
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Concentrations of reactions
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Higher concentrations of reactions produce a faster reaction. []^, the F of collisions ^, ^ reaction rate.
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Affects reaction rate
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Temperature
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Increasing temp. increases reaction rate. ^temp=^KE= molecules moving faster= more collisions. Also ^ fraction of collision.
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Affects reaction rate
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Physical state of reactants
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Homogenious mixtures of liquids or gases react faster. solids go slower because less collisions an increase in surface area will increase the frequency of collisions and increase the reaction rate.
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Affect reaction rate
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The presence of a catalyst
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Catalyst increases the rate of reaction by affecting the kinds of collisions that lead to a reaction. Catalyst ask for a change in the mechanism of the reaction.
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Affect reaction rate
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Reaction order
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The sum of the exponents M and N in a rate law.
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Rate= K [A ]^M[B]^N
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First order reaction
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A reaction who's rate depends on the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power (graph appears as a straight line).
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Second order reaction
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Whose rate depends on the concentration of the reactants raised to the second power ( graph appears to be straight ).
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Half life
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The time required for the initial concentration of a reaction to fall to half its value
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Activation energy (Ea)
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The minimum amount of energy required to imitate a chemical reaction.
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Activated complex
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Highest energy arrangement of molecules as they change from reactants to products.
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Catalyst
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Lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction and increases the rate of the reaction.
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Reaction mechanism
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Step by step process by which a chemical reaction occurs.
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Elementary step
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Each single event or step in a mechanism
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Molecularity
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The number of molecules that participate as reactants in an elementary reaction.
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unimolecular
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Elementary reaction involves one reactant molecule.
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AB ---> A+B the rate law: 1st order
rate = k [AB] |
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Bimolecular
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Elementary reaction involves the collision of two reactant molecules.
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A+B---> AB rate law: 2nd order
rate=k [A][B] |
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Termolecular
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Reaction involves the simultaneous collision of 3 reactant molecules.
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A+B+C---> ABC rate law: 3rd order
rate=k[A][B][C] |
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Intermediate
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A chemical species that is formed in one elementary step of a multi step mechanism and consumed in another.
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Rate determining step
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The slowest step of a multi step mechanism and governs the rate of the overall reaction
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