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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeletal system
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○ Protection of vital organs
○ Support ○ Framework of levers ○ Production of RBC, WBC, and platelets ○ Storage areas for calcium, phosphorous etc |
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Axial skeleton
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head, neck, trunk
§ Skull § Vertebral column § Thoracic cage |
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Appendicular skeleton
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§ Pectoral girdle
§ Pelvic girdle § Attached limbs |
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Vertebral column
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○ Protect the spine
○ Cervical -7, thoracic -12, lumbar -5, sacral - 5, coccyx -1 ○ Get bigger as they go down - more support ○ Same number of nerves except for the cervical - has 1 more nerve ○ Discs in between that serve as cushions |
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Long
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Length exceeds width and thickness
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Short
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No long axis
Mostly hands and feet |
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Flat
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Thin - usually bent or curved
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Irregular
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Hip bones, vertebrae
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Sesamoid
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Seed like
Knee cap |
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Collagen
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Organic component - complex protein
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Inorganic component
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mostly mineral salts
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Wolff's Law
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bone is capable of adjusting it's strength in proportion to the amount of stress placed upon it
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How long can you develop bone density and how?
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Build bone density until you're 30
Fill in pores via exercise |
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How is the skeletal system all connected?
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Cartilage: white fibrous tissue, provides cushion, lessens friction
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Fibrous
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No joint cavity, movement
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Cartilaginous
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No joint cavity, united by cartilage
Little /no movement |
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Synovial
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Joint cavities w/ synovial fluids
§ Lots of movement § Strong joint capsule |
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Pivot
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radioulnar
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Ball and socket
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shoulder
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Ellipsoid
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wrist
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Saddle
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thumb
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Hinge
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elbow/knee
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Eccentric contractions
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Responsible for greatest soreness
Lengthening of muscle With but slower than gravity |
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Concentric contractions
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Shortening of muscle
Against gravity |
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Hypertrophy
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increase in size of muscle cells
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Agonist
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muscle directly responsible for observed movement
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Antagonist
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muscle that acts in opposition to the agonist motion
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Synergist
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muscle that aids another muscle in movement
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muscles always ____ they never ____
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muscles always pull, they never push
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Muscle attached at fixed bone is
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origin
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Muscle attached to moving bone is
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insertion
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Trapezius
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○ Origin/Insertion - From upper neck and mid back to scapula
○ action § Upper - elevation § Middle - retract/adduct § Lower - depression |
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Levator Scapulae
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○ O/I
§ Upper neck to shoulder blade ○ A § Elevates scapula |
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Rhomboid major/minor
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○ O/I: from lower neck and upper back to shoulder blade
○ A: adduction and elevation of scapula |
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Serratus Anterior
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○ The boxing muscle
○ O/I § First 8-9 ribs to medial border of scapula ○ A § Rotate scapula for abducation and flexion of arm |
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Deltoid
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○ O/I collar bone and shoulder blade to upper arm
○ A § Mid - abduction § Ant - flexion and internal rotation § Post - extension and external rotation |
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Pectoralis major
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○ O/I - from clavicle, sternum and ribs to upper arm
○ A - arm flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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○ O/I from lower back to mid arm
○ A - extension, adduction, internal rotation |
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Subscapularis
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§ O/I - shoulder blade to upper arm
§ A - internal rotation |
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Supraspinatus
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§ O/I - shoulder blade to upper arm
§ A - infraspinatus and teres minor □ External rotation |
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Biceps Brachii
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○ O/I from shoulder to forearm
○ A - flex elbow |
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Brachialis
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○ O/I from upper arm right above
○ A - flex elbow |
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Brachioradialis
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○ O/I from upper arm right above elbow to forearm right under elbow
○ A - flex elbow and supinate to bring wrist to neutral |
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Pronator teres
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○ OI from elbow to forearm
○ A - flex elbow and pronate forearm |
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Triceps Brachii
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○ OI from back fo shoulder blade and upper arm to elbow
○ A - extend forearm |
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Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
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○ FC
§ OI from elbow to hand § A wrist flexion ○ FCU § From elboz to pinky end of hand § A wrist flexion |
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Extensor carpi u
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○ Pinky side
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ABDuctor pollicis lungus
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○ From forearm to thumb
○ Abduct wrist and thumb |
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Extensor carpi radialis Longus
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○ From elbow to hand
○ Wrist extension |
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Erector Spinae
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○ Form back of hip to ribs
○ Extension of vertebral column |
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Traverse abdominis
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○ Hip/Back area
○ Compress abdomen |
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Rectus Abdominus
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○ From hips to ribs
○ Flex vertebral colums |
