Fishes

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Refers to one or more individuals of the same species

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Fish

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Refers to more than 1 species of fish

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Fishes

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Some animals that are not fish

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Jellyfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish, and shellfish

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Some animals that are fish

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Seahorses, eel, sharks, rays, and skates

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The most primative vertebrates

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Fish

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Had no scales, paired fins, or jawbones

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Extinct fish

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Term for an animal that gains heat through the environment

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Ectotherm

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Freshwater fish produce large amounts of this type of urine to overcome the large amounts of water that enter their bodies through osmosis

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Dilute

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This term refers to fish that spend their adult lives at sea but return to freshwater to spawn

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Anadromous

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Another term for nekto; refers to animals that spend their time swimming through ocean waters

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Pelagic

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System of jelly-filled canals that allows fish to sense vibrations in water

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Lateral line

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Name for the group of jawed vertebrates

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Gnathostomata

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Like leeches, lampreys secrete this into their hosts to promote blood flow and help prevent blood clotting

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Anticoagulant

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Substance produced by hagfish from special glands that line the body

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Slime

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Name of the Superclass containing all jawless fish

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Agnatha

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A group of extinct armored fish

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Placoderms

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The egg laying behavior of fish

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Spawning

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Refers to bottom-dwelling animals that spend their time at the bottom surface of the ocean

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Benthic

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Term for organisms in which the babies are born alive from their mother

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Viviparous

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Openings behind the eyes of rays used to bring in water for respiration

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Spiracles

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Refers to animal whose body temperature adjusts depending on the external environment

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Poikilothermic

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Hard plate that covers the gills of bony fish

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Operculum

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Term for organisms in which the babies develop from an egg inside the mother and are later born

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Ovoviviparous

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Fish are members of this subpylum

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Vertebrata

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Body shape of fish; allows them to move rapidly in water

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Streamlined

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Receptor organs which make up the lateral line system

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Neuromasts

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Colorful, venomous fish species that has invaded the Atlantic

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Lionfish

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Modified pelvic fins on male cartilaginous fish

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Claspers

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Marine fish are this type of regulator because their tissues are less salty than their surroundings

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Hypoosmotic

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Bony fish use this gas-filled organ for buoyancy

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Swim bladder

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Organ in sharks used to remove excess sodium and chloride ions from the body

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Rectal gland

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Coloration of fish in which the dorsal surface is dark and ventral surface is light

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Countershaded

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Sharks have this type of scale

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Placoid

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The largest species of ray

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Manta

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Time period known as the Age of Fishes

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Devonian

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Cartilaginous fish store these on their liver to aid in buoyancy

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Lipids

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Smooth, circular scales often found on bony fish

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Cycloid

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Parasitic fish that has devastated many Great Lakes Fisheries

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Sea lampreys

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Fish have a heart with this many chambers

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Two

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Meaning "no jaw"

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Agnatha

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Thought to have evolved from the first pair of gills arches

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Jaws

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Allowed fish to seize and manipulate their prey

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Jaws

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Increased fishs' stability and maneuverability

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Paired fins

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An extinct, giant marine arthrodire placoderm from the late Devonian of Ohio and Tennessee

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Dinichthys herzeri

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Helps maintain fishs' ventral position in the water

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Buoyancy

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Maintain concentrations of salt and water that differ from their surroundings

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Homeostasis

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Fish belong to this phylum

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Chordata

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Bony fish ( account for about 95% of all fish species)

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Osteichthyes

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Cartilaginous fish ( sharks and their relatives)

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Chondrichthyes

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Hagfish

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Myxini

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Lampreys

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Petromyzontida

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Blind, marine, bottom-dwellers scavengers or predators that feed on dead or dying fish

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Hagfish

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Marine or freshwater and free-living or parasitic

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Lampreys

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A flexible, lightweight material made of cells surrounded by touch protein fibers

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Cartilage

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A horny capsule where sharks deposits their eggs

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Mermaid's purse

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3 sharks responsible for most human attacks

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Great white shark, tiger shark, bull shark

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The longest running database on shark attacks and is the only globally-comprehensive, scientific shark attack database in the world

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International Shark Attack file

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Smallest shark

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The dwarf lantern shark

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Largest shark

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Whale shark

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Fastest shark

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Shortfin mako

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Cartilaginous fish with flattened bodies and flexible wing-like pectoral fins and often long tails

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Rays and skates

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Viviparous

Diamond or disk-shaped bodies

Plate-like teeth adapted for crushing prey

Larger

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Rays

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Oviparous

Prominent dorsal fin

Triangular-shaped bodies

Small teeth

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Skates

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Torpedo californica

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Pacific electric ray

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Dasyatis sabina

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Atlantic stingray

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Cartilaginous fish in the order chimaeiformes, known as ghost sharks, ratfish, spookfish, or rabbitfishes

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Chimaeras

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Lay large amounts of eggs because most young fish get eaten

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Mortality

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Class Sarcopterygii

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Lobe-finned fish

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Class Actinopterygii

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Ray-finned fish