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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tied for first 'vertebrate'
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Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthyes |
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Craniata evolution |
The evolution of a craniate head drives the transition from filter-feeder to predator |
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Craniata |
deuterostomes with heads have a skull, brain, eyes, and other sensory organs |
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Vertebrata |
deuterostomes with vertebrae |
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Gnathostomata |
vertebrates with jaws |
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Adaptive Immune System |
Key vertebrate innovation immunoglobins, T cells |
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Bone |
hydroxyapatite crystals on network of collagen fibers 1st vertebrates probably had cartilaginous skeleton ~493 MYA |
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First vertebrates |
Agnathans no internal bones, no jaws probably cartilaginous internal skeleton |
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oldest living lineage of vertebrates |
lampreys |
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Criteria of a Chordate (4) |
Dorsal hollow nerve cord ABOVE gut notochord pharyngeal gill pouches tail NOTE: dorsal hollow nerve cord is located above the notochord, too. |
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1. Myxinoidea |
hagfish |
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2. Conodonta |
Late Cambrian to Triassic earliest evidence of vertebrate skeletal mineralization may use to study past temperature of rocks (color change phosphatic material) |
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3. Pterospidomorphi ("winged-shield-forms") |
all possess oak-leaf shaped tubercles all have dentine and enameloid on dermal armor plates (large head shields) Include Astrapida, Arandaspida, and Heterostraci likely bottom dwellers (no paired appendages) |
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4. Heterostrachans ("different scales") |
armored heads lateral line system |
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5. Anaspida ("without shield") |
Silurian, Devonian two paired fins downward bent tail single nostril |
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6. Thelodonts ("feeble teeth") |
Ordovician to Devonian
dorsal and ventral fin denticles, no bone shield |
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7. Galeaspida ("Helmet Shields")
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shallow freshwater and marine
Silurian, Devonian no evidence for paired fins UP TO 45 GILL OPENINGS |
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8. Osteostraci ("Bony shields") |
most advanced agnathans complex sensory system dermal skeleton: layered |
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Gnathostomes |
jaws, paired fins, "teeth" Placodermii Acanthodii Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes |
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Evolution of jaws hypothesis |
from gill arches that gain support and modify |
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Agnathan dominance time span |
Until Late Ordovician |
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Placoderm clades (6) |
1. Acanthothoraci (basal)
2. Rhenanida 3. Antiarchi 4. Petalichthya 5. Pterydontida 6. Arthrodira (most derived) |
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First vertebrate to possess paired pelvic fins |
Placoderms |
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Placoderm autecology |
diverse occupied many ecological niches in Silurian and Devonian Shellfish feeding, bottom feeding, predation, deposit feeding |
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Entelognathus primordialis |
Jaw looks like that of a bony fish...before sharks or bony fish evolved possesses potential synapomorphies with bony fish: premaxilla, maxilla, dentary suggests condition displayed by sharks is evolutionarily novel - derived |
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Chondrichthyes |
Late Silurian |
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Psarolepsis |
Most primitive bony fish? Silurian median spine located behind the head pectoral spine extending back from the shoulder girdle, which is found in some placoderms and acanthodians skulls and jaws resemble those of primitive lungfish |
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Acanthodian |
tail fin larger on top (heterocercal tail) most lack teeth large eyes pectoral and pelvic fins modified to spines |
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Osteolepis |
Middle Devonian lobe fin teeth on maxilla, premaxilla, dentary labrynthine teeth |
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Eusthenopteron |
may have had lungs lobe fin fish same bone to bone structure of spine as tetrapods same homologous skull bones of tetrapods sister group to lungfish |
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Panderichthys |
late Devonian upward facing eyes gills, lungs, and nostrils tetrapod-like skull, body, braincase, lungs true fins |
