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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ increases membrange fluidity
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chloesterol
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Charge inside cells with respect to outside
How and why. |
negative Na/K ATPase (3Na out 2K in)
The sodium gradient is used for cotransport of glucose, proteins, and other molecules |
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cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion molecules
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desmosomes/hemidesmosomes
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cell-cell occluding junction that form an impermiable barrier
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tight junctions
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allow communication between cells
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gap junctions (connexin subunits)
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G proteins
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intramembrane protein, transduces signal from receptor to response enzyme (AC -> cAMP -> PKA and PLC -> Ca and PKC)
adrenaline, seratonin, glucagon, Beta and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors |
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Ligand triggered protein kinase
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Receptor and response enzyme bound together. (growth factors typically use this tyrosine kinase and associated proteins are protooncogenes like Ras)
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ABO blood type antigens
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ABO
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glycoproteins on cell membranes
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HLA-type antigens
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most variable portion of the cell cycle is ____ and it determines the ___ ____ length
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G1, cell cycle
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what portion of the cell cycle do growth factors affect the cell cycle
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G1
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can cells go from Go to G1
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yes
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Prophase
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centromere attachment, spindle formation and nucleus disappears
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Metaphase
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chromosome alignment
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Anaphase
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chromosomes are pulled apart
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Telophase
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separate nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
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Nucleus
1. double or single membrane 2. ____ membrane is continuous with _____ |
double, outer RER
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where are ribosomes made
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nucleolus
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describe transcription and enzymes
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DNA strand as used as a template by RNA Pol. mRNA is then transcribed
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Steroid hormones as transcription factors
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bind receptor in cytoplasm, then enters nucleus then acts as a transcription factor
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Thyroid hormone as a transcription factor
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binds in the nucleus then acts as a transcription factor
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purines
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adenine and guanine
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pyrimidines
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cytosine, thymidine, uracil
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G and C hydrogen bonds
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???
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A and T hydrogen bonds
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???
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Cellular metabolism
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cellular metabolism
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