Firstaid 2010 Key-Associations

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Squamous cell carcinoma

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associaled with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing's ulcer (↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acule gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 7

3° syphilis

Front 8

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 8

Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 9

Autospleneclomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 9

Sickle cell anemia (HbS)

Front 10

Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)

Back 10

S. aureus

Front 11

Bacteria associated with stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Group B streptococcus (newborns). S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Front 14

Benign melanoeytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder wilh Gplb deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratenlorial: medulloblasloma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

Front 18

Breast mass

Back 18

1. Fibrocystic change2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 19

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 19

Fibroadenoma

Front 20

Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient

Back 20

Klebsiella

Front 21

Cardiac 1˚ tumor (kids)

Back 21

Rhabdomyoma

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

1. Metastasis 2. 1° myxoma (4:1 left lo right atrium; "ball and valve")

Front 24

Cardiomyopathy

Back 24

Dilaled cardiomyopalhy (40% are familial)

Front 25

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 25

Amold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)

Front 26

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 26

Atrial fibrillation (assodated with high risk of emboli)

Front 27

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 27

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 28

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 28

DES exposure in utero

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepalocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis in developing world

Back 32

Tuberculosis

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing's syndrome

Back 35

1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary

Front 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Front 37

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

Lupus nephropathy

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

1. Alzheimer's disease 2. Multiple infarcts

Front 41

Demyelinating disease

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

DIC

Back 42

Gram-negalive sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic /pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma is the predominant form in the U.S.

Front 47

Food poisoning

Back 47

S. aureus

Front 48

Cene involved in cancer

Back 48

p53 tumor suppressor gene

Front 49

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 49

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 50

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 50

Endometrial carcinoma

Front 51

Heart murmur

Back 51

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 52

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 52

Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)

Front 53

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 53

1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 54

Hematoma-epidural

Back 54

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)

Front 55

Hematoma-subdural

Back 55

Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)

Front 56

Hemochromatosis

Back 56

Multiple blood transfusions (can resull in CHF and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Front 57

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 57

Cirrhotic liver (often associated wilh hepatitis B and C)

Front 58

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 58

von Willebrand's disease

Front 59

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 59

Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 60

HLA-B27

Back 60

Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis), and Reiter's syndrome. (PAIR)

Front 61

HLA-DR3 or-DR4

Back 61

Diabeles meilitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 62

Holosystolic murmur

Back 62

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 63

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 63

Virchow's triad (resulls in venous thrombosis)

Front 64

Hypertension, 2°

Back 64

Renal disease

Front 65

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 65

Thyroidectomy

Front 66

Hypopituitarism

Back 66

Adenoma

Front 67

Infection in blood transfusion

Back 67

Hepatitis C

Front 68

Kidney stones

Back 68

1, Calcium = radiopaque
2, Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-posilive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3, Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 69

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L→ R becomes R→L)

Back 69

"Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 70

Liver disease

Back 70

Alcoholic liver disease

Front 71

Lysosomal storage disease

Back 71

Gaucher's disease

Front 72

Male cancer

Back 72

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 73

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 73

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 74

Malignant skin tumor

Back 74

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

Front 75

Mental retardation

Back 75

1. Down syndrome 2. Fragile X syndrome (FMR1 gene)

Front 76

Mets to bone

Back 76

Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney

Front 77

Mets to brain

Back 77

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), Gl

Front 78

Mets to liver

Back 78

Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas

Front 79

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 79

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 80

Motor neuron disease

Back 80

ALS

Front 81

Myocarditis

Back 81

Coxsackie B

Front 82

Neoplasm (kids)

Back 82

l.ALL 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma

Front 83

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 83

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 84

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 84

Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat wilh corticosteroids)

Front 85

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 85

BPH

Front 86

Opening snap

Back 86

Mitral stenosis

Front 87

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 87

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia

Front 88

Organ receiving mets

Back 88

Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)

Front 89

Organ sending mets

Back 89

Lung > breast, stomach

Front 90

Osteomyelitis

Back 90

S. aureus

Front 91

Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease

Back 91

Salmonella

Front 92

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 92

Pseudomona

Front 93

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breasl cancer

Back 93

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Front 94

Ovarian tumor (benign)

Back 94

Serous cystadenoma

Front 95

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 95

Serous cystadenoearcinoma

Front 96

Palpable purpura

Back 96

small vessel vasculitis (immune complex type III), Fibrinoid necrosis.

Front 97

Pancreatic tumor

Back 97

Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)

Front 98

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 98

EtOH and gallstones

Front 99

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 99

EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 100

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

Back 100

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, CML: adult > 60, AML: adult 35-50

Front 101

Patient with Hodgkin's disease

Back 101

Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)

Front 102

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 102

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)

Front 103

Philadelphia chromosome l(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 103

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 104

Pituitary tumor

Back 104

1. Prolactinoma 2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Front 105

Pneumonia, hospital acquired

Back 105

Klebsiella

Front 106

Primary amenorrhea

Back 106

Turner's syndrome (XO)

Front 107

Primary bone tumor (adults)

Back 107

Multiple myeloma

Front 108

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 108

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 109

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 109

1, Adenomas 2, Hyperplasia 3, Carcinoma

Front 110

Primary liver cancer

Back 110

Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma)

Front 111

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 111

COPD

Front 112

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremilies

Back 112

Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Front 113

Renal tumor

Back 113

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 114

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Back 114

Cor pulmonale

Front 115

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Back 115

↑ venlricular filling (L→R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

Front 116

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 116

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Front 117

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 117

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 118

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 118

Chlamydia

Front 119

SIADH

Back 119

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 120

Site of diverticula

Back 120

Sigmoid colon

Front 121

Site of metastasis

Back 121

1. Regional lymph nodes 2. Liver

Front 122

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 122

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Front 123

Stomach cancer

Back 123

Adenocarcinoma

Front 124

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 124

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 125

t(14;18)

Back 125

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 126

t(8;14)

Back 126

Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 127

t(9;22)

Back 127

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)

Front 128

Temporal arteritis

Back 128

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

Front 129

Testicular tumor

Back 129

Seminoma

Front 130

Thyroid cancer

Back 130

Papillary carcinoma

Front 131

Tumor in women

Back 131

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

Front 132

Tumor of infancy

Back 132

Hemangioma

Front 133

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Back 133

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Front 134

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Back 134

Neuroblastoma (malignanl)

Front 135

Type of Hodgkin's

Back 135

Nodular sclerosis (vs, mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Front 136

Type of non-Hodgkin's

Back 136

Diffuse large cell

Front 137

UTI

Back 137

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Front 138

Viral encephalitis

Back 138

HSV

Front 139

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

Back 139

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply)

Front 140

zinc deficiency

Back 140

rash on face, dysgusia, anosmia, poor wound healing

Front 141

Nucleotide excision repair defect

Back 141

Xeroderma pigmentosum (children of the night)

Front 142

mismatach repair defect

Back 142

HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)

Front 143

Achondroplasia

Back 143

Cell-signaling defect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3, Results in dwarfism; short limbs, but head and trunk are normal size. Associated with advanced paternal age.

Front 144

Olser-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Back 144

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Telangiectasia, recurrent epistaxia, skin discolorations, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Front 145

Hereditary spherocytosis

Back 145

[AD] Spheroid erythrocytes due to spectrin or ankyrin defect: hemolytic anemia; ↑ MCHC. Splenectomy is curative.