First Year Latin Intro

Front 1

inflection

Back 1

changes in endings of words to express the relationships of words to each other

Front 2

syntax

Back 2

the relationships of words to each other

Front 3

declension

Back 3

the inflection of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns

Front 4

conjugation

Back 4

the inflection of verbs

Front 5

nominative case of a noun

Back 5

subject of the sentence

Front 6

vocative case of a noun

Back 6

direct address

Front 7

genitive case of a noun

Back 7

qualifying another noun in some way

Front 8

dative case of a noun

Back 8

the object indirectly affected by the action of a verb or by the quality of an adjective

Front 9

accusative case of a noun

Back 9

limiting the action of the verb in various ways

Front 10

ablative proper case of a noun

Back 10

shows separation: from

Front 11

instrumental/circumstantial ablative case of a noun

Back 11

shows instrument or circumstance: with

Front 12

locative ablative case of a noun

Back 12

shows location in space or time: in, on, at

Front 13

gender

Back 13

masculine, feminine, or neuter

Front 14

present tense of a verb

Back 14

verb tense that describes an action as going on in the present, or as generally true

Front 15

perfect tense of a verb

Back 15

verb tense that describes an action as completed by the present time, or (like English past tense) an action that took place in the past

Front 16

imperfect tense of a verb

Back 16

verb tense that describes an action as going on (not completed) at some time in the past

Front 17

pluperfect tense of a verb

Back 17

verb tense that describes an action as already completed by some time in the past

Front 18

future tense of a verb

Back 18

verb tense that describes an action as taking place in the future

Front 19

future perfect tense of a verb

Back 19

verb tense that describes an action as completed by some time in the future

Front 20

pronounce long a

Back 20

pronounce as in father

Front 21

pronounce short a

Back 21

pronounce as in idea

Front 22

pronounce long e

Back 22

pronounce as in obey

Front 23

pronounce short e

Back 23

pronounce as in bet

Front 24

pronounce long i

Back 24

pronounce as in machine

Front 25

pronounce short i

Back 25

pronounce as in sit

Front 26

pronounce long o

Back 26

pronounce as in note

Front 27

pronounce short o

Back 27

pronounce as in omit

Front 28

pronounce long u

Back 28

pronounce as in rule

Front 29

pronounce short u

Back 29

pronounce as in put

Front 30

pronounce y

Back 30

pronounce by forming the lips as if to say oo, but say ee instead

Front 31

pronounce ae

Back 31

pronounce like aye

Front 32

pronounce au

Back 32

pronounce like ow in now

Front 33

pronounce eu

Back 33

pronounce like ay-oo

Front 34

pronounce oe

Back 34

pronounce like oy in joy

Front 35

pronounce ui

Back 35

pronounce like uee in queen

Front 36

pronounce bs

Back 36

pronounce like ps

Front 37

pronounce bt

Back 37

pronounce like pt

Front 38

pronounce c

Back 38

always pronounce like c in came

Front 39

pronounce ch

Back 39

pronounce as in character

Front 40

pronounce g

Back 40

always pronounce like g in go

Front 41

pronounce gu before a vowel

Back 41

pronounce as in anguish

Front 42

pronounce i (when used as a consonant--between vowels or before a vowel at the beginning of a word

Back 42

pronounce like y in youth

Front 43

pronounce ph

Back 43

pronounce as in philosophy

Front 44

pronounce s

Back 44

pronounce as in sit (never with the z sound, as in busy)

Front 45

pronounce su before a vowel

Back 45

often pronounce sw as in suave

Front 46

pronounce th

Back 46

always pronounce as in thick

Front 47

pronounce v

Back 47

pronounce like w

Front 48

pronounce z

Back 48

pronounce like dz in adze

Front 49

pronounce x

Back 49

pronounce like ks