First Responder-Test 2?

Front 1

anaphylaxis

Back 1

the body's antibody-antigen reaction gone "haywire" and which may result in shock, bronchoconstriction, and/or airway obstruction

Front 2

urticaria

Back 2

hives

Front 3

angioedema

Back 3

condition that results from vasodilation and causes hives and swelling of the face, airway, and other tissues

Front 4

dosing for charcoal

Back 4

1 g/1 kg body weight

Front 5

contraindications for giving charcoal

Back 5

altered mental status, inability to swallow, ingestion of acids or alkalis

Front 6

classic opoid overdose presentation

Back 6

depressed mental status, depressed respirations, and pinpoint pupils

Front 7

organophosphate overdose symptoms

Back 7

overstimulation of secretions, bronchoconstriction, muscle weakness

Front 8

asphyxiation

Back 8

lack of O2 or excess of CO2 causing unconscoiusness and often death

Front 9

delirium tremens

Back 9

shakes, tremors, and seizures, accompanied by hyperactivity, increased respiration, pulse and temp, hypertension and sometimes hallucinations caused by drug w/drawal

Front 10

stimulant

Back 10

drugs that cause excitability and can induce seizures w/ overdose, i.e. amphetamines or PCP

Front 11

constriction of bronchial smooth muscles results in

Back 11

wheezing breath sounds

Front 12

increased permeability of capillaries and fluid leakage results in

Back 12

swelling of skin and stridor caused by obstruction

Front 13

increased mucus secretions in the respiratory tree results in

Back 13

sneezing and nasal congestion

Front 14

the major complication with a narcotics overdose is

Back 14

respiratory arrest

Front 15

symptoms of a stimulant overdose

Back 15

fast heart rate, hypertension, chest pain, anxious behavior, delirium, and paranoia

Front 16

drug that may cause few or no symptoms immediately but may cause sever liver failure a few days later is

Back 16

acetaminophen

Front 17

methanol

Back 17

found in windshield washer fluid and may cause mild inebriation signs, treated with ethyl alcohol (drinking alcohol)

Front 18

ethylene glycol

Back 18

found in antifreeze, treated by administering ethyl alcohol

Front 19

diagnostic odors:
acetone (sweet, fruity)

Back 19

ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 20

diagnostic odor: disinfectant

Back 20

phenol, creosote

Front 21

diagnostic odor: rotten eggs

Back 21

hydrogen sulfide

Front 22

diagnostic odor: garlic

Back 22

parathion, malathion (organophosphate insecticides)

Front 23

diagnostic odor: wintergreen

Back 23

methyl salicylate

Front 24

what is the likely treatment for an alkali poison

Back 24

one or two glasses of water or milk

Front 25

simple asphyxiants

Back 25

act to dilute or displace O2, rendering the victim hypoxic, i.e. CO2 and methane

Front 26

chemical asphyxiants

Back 26

attach to molecules in the body that are essential for respiration, i.e. CO, cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide

Front 27

radiation

Back 27

transfer of heat from a warmer to cooler environment, when the external temperature is higher than body temp, more heat is lost than gained

Front 28

conduction

Back 28

transfer of heat from an object in contact with the body

Front 29

convection

Back 29

loss of heat from air currents around the body

Front 30

evaporation

Back 30

loss of heat through evaporation of water form the body's surface

Front 31

breathing

Back 31

loss of heat through exhalation

Front 32

shivering stops when the body's temperature drops below

Back 32

87.8 F (31 C)

Front 33

frostnip

Back 33

local cold injury characterized by pale, cold skin that loses sensation and becomes red and itchy upon warming

Front 34

superficial frostbite

Back 34

freezing of the upper layer of skin while the deep skin remains soft, signs include white, waxy skin that is hard on the surface and soft below

Front 35

deep frostbite

Back 35

freezing of upper and lower layers of skin, skin appears white, frozen, and resists depression

Front 36

heat cramps

Back 36

muscular cramps caused by strenuous exertion and excessive loss of body fluids and electrolytes

Front 37

heat exhaustion

Back 37

caused by the cardiovascular system's inability to provide blood flow to the skin while maintaining flow to skeletal muscles and other organs

Front 38

heat stroke

Back 38

failure of the body's heat loss mechanisms, signs include altered mental status, hot skin, rapid pulse and respiratory rate, hypotension and seizures

Front 39

spider concerns

Back 39

brown recluse causes weakness
black widow causes muscular rigidity

Front 40

poisonous snakes in the US

Back 40

pit vipers (copperheads, rattlesnakes) and coral snakes, treat by immobilizing the affected park with a splint

Front 41

coral snake bite treatment

Back 41

apply an elastic bandage around the bite and limb, to limit venom absorption

Front 42

treatment for marine animal stings

Back 42

flood with sea water (not fresh) and rinse with vinegar or alcohol

Front 43

treatment for diving emergencies

Back 43

manage ABCs and then get patient to a hyperbaric chamber

Front 44

hypothermia

Back 44

when the body's temp. falls below 95 F (35 C)

Front 45

under normal conditions, the majority of the body's heat loss occurs by

Back 45

radiation

Front 46

loss of heat by respiration is

Back 46

minimal

Front 47

part of the brain that regulates temperature

Back 47

hypothalamus

Front 48

what system is primarily responsible for heat distribution and heat loss

Back 48

cardiovascular system, think vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Front 49

heat disorder resulting from widespread vasodilation and fluid loss from sweating is

Back 49

heat exhaustion

Front 50

acute immersion hypothermia is a severe form of cold injury because

Back 50

water is a good conductor of heat

Front 51

management of hypothermia

Back 51

patients must be handled gently due to risk of dysrhythmias, since a slow HR may be adequate to fulfill the patient's reduced O2 needs, you must take precautions not to use maneuvers that may precipitate dysrhythmias and v fib, avoid hyperventilation if ventilation is needed because this can lead to rapid changes in the acidity of blood and then to dysrhtymias

Front 52

greatest complication risk from hypothermia

Back 52

ventricular fibrillation, v fib is resistant to treatment until the body is rewarmed

Front 53

rewarming shock

Back 53

these

Front 54

situational reaction

Back 54

emotional response to a sudden illness, death, or other difficult personal experience accompanied by anxiety, paranoia, fear, anger, hysteria, denial, and/orwithdrawal

Front 55

psychobehavioral disorder

Back 55

when a patient exhibits behavior that is unacceptable or intolerable to the patient, family, or community

Front 56

suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in the US

Back 56

11th

Front 57

organic brain syndrome

Back 57

used to describe nonpsychatric reasons for altered behavior or mental status, problems can include tumors, traumas, infections, or degeneration, hypoglycemia, shock, or drug intoxication; it is usually safer to assume an organic brain syndrome until proven otherwise

Front 58

auditory hallucinations often are induced by

Back 58

medical and toxicologic syndromes or psychoses

Front 59

visual, tactile, or olfactory hallucinations are almost always due to

Back 59

an organic cause

Front 60

pit vipers

Back 60

have elliptical pupils, a "pit" between the eyes and nostril, fangs (there will be fang marks at the bite site), and a single row or plates on the tail; since pit vipers venom causes necrosis of tissue, experts do not recommend attempts to contain venom at the bite site; after a bite the patient will experience early pain and swelling around the site

Front 61

coral snakes

Back 61

"red on yellow, kill a fellow, red on black, venom lack," found in the souther US, their tiny fangs are close together and they will often latch onto a victim and have to be pulled off, early symptoms are mild and the bite causes no necrosis, the onset may be delayed 12 hours, the systemic effects from coral snake bites however, can lead to respiratory paralysis and death

Front 62

what percentage of rapes are reported

Back 62

40%

Front 63

violence cycle

Back 63

tension phase, violence phase, honeymoon phase

Front 64

assault

Back 64

the willful attempt to harm someone

Front 65

amnotic sac

Back 65

double-layered membrane that contains the developing fetus and 16-32 ounces of fluid (at term)

Front 66

meconium

Back 66

early feces of the fetus, it should alert you that the body is or has been stressed

Front 67

transport of pregnant women

Back 67

many pregnant women cannot tolerate lying supine during transport and should be transported on their left sides

Front 68

first stage of pregnancy

Back 68

begins with the first contraction and ends when the cervix is fully dilated

Front 69

second stage of pregnancy

Back 69

begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the birth of the baby

Front 70

third stage of pregnancy

Back 70

begins with the delivery of the baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta

Front 71

cutting the umbilical cord

Back 71

while holding the baby at the level of the vagina, place two clips 2 inches apart (1 about an inch from the baby's belly button) and cut in between them

Front 72

if the baby does not begin to breathe with initial stimulation after birth, you should

Back 72

provide PPV with 100% O2 at a rate of 40-60 breaths/min., if after 30 seconds the heart beat is still less than 100 beats/min, PPV for another 30 if less than 60 beats/min after that, chest compressions

Front 73

Apgar score

Back 73

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respirations, evaluated 1 and 5 minutes after birth

Front 74

a premature infant less than 5.5 lbs or one that was born before 37 weeks

Back 74

will be likely to have respiratory or other problems after birth

Front 75

postpartum hemorrhage

Back 75

loss of 500 mL or greater of blood after delivery

Front 76

abortion/miscarriage

Back 76

loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks

Front 77

stillbirth

Back 77

loss of pregnancy after 20 weeks

Front 78

earliest age of viability

Back 78

currently 23 weeks

Front 79

preeclampsia or toxemia

Back 79

occurs in as many as 1 in 10 women in the US, three main symptoms are protein in urine, high BP, and edema, only cure is delivery of the baby

Front 80

fetus

Back 80

9 weeks to delivery

Front 81

perineum

Back 81

the pelvic floor

Front 82

there are ___ vein(s) and ____ artery/ies in the umbical cord

Back 82

1 vein and 2 arteries

Front 83

chest compressions in a newborn should be given

Back 83

at a rate of 120 compressions/min. at a depth of 1/2 the anterior-posterior dpeth of the chest

Front 84

a newborn breathing at birth with a HR of 80 BPM should be

Back 84

given PPV w/ 100% O2

Front 85

when resuscitating a newborn, cardiac compressions should be discontinued once the baby's HR is more than

Back 85

60 BPM

Front 86

a baby born to a diabetic mother

Back 86

is usually large and and delivery can be complicated

Front 87

each term in the APGAR scale can be given a score of ____ resulting in a possible range from _____

Back 87

0-2; 0-10

Front 88

maternal hypertension is defined as

Back 88

greater than 140/greater than 90

Front 89

you should hold the tube this distance from a newborn when administering free-flow O2

Back 89

1/2 in.

Front 90

volume of air in the lungs of a newborn is

Back 90

approximately 20-30 mL

Front 91

the most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage is

Back 91

uterine atony, the failure of the uterus to contract after delivery

Front 92

late postpartum hemorrhage

Back 92

usually occurs 6-10 days after delivery and the most common cause is retained placental tissue but may also be caused by infection, coital trauma, or rupture of the episiotomy wound

Front 93

fancy word for nosebleed

Back 93

epistaxis

Front 94

blood loss of up to 10-15%

Back 94

results in constriction of the venous system and may not present with any signs or symptoms

Front 95

blood loss of 15-30%

Back 95

may result in weakness, anxiety, rapid and thready pulse, pale, cool, and clammy skin, delayed capillary refill time, and thirst, the patient may have a normal BP

Front 96

blood loss of 30-45%

Back 96

may result in hypotension, altered mental status, combativeness, restlessness, and rapid and shallow breathing

Front 97

general emergency care for shock

Back 97

elevation of legs, prevention of heat loss, O2 administration, and rapid transport to the hospital

Front 98

pneumatic antishock garment

Back 98

(PASG) air-filled pants that surround the legs and abdomen; they can be inflated up to 100 mmHg; the increased pressure reduces the size of the vascular space and increases the vascular resistance, thereby increasing BP; it may help control bleeding beneath garment when the pressure of PASG is greater than that of vessel and vessel collapses; used to treat shock and suspected pelvic fractures

Front 99

upper margin of the abdominal section of the PASG

Back 99

lower margin of the rib cage

Front 100

if a patient had grossly distended neck veins, you would check for

Back 100

tension pneumothorax

Front 101

children and infants can maintain their BP until the blood volume they have lost

Back 101

is more than half

Front 102

vasodilatory shock

Back 102

two major causes are anaphylaxis and spinal cord injuries; with anaphylaxis, the body releases chemicals that cause vasodilation, with spinal cord injuries there may be damage to the upper spinal cord and this can result in the loss of the sympathetic nervous system's ability to constrict the blood vessels and increase HR

Front 103

steps to manage shock after controlling a patient's airway, breathing, and bleeding

Back 103

1. give high-concentration O2
2. elevate the legs 8-12 in. if the patient's condition allows
3. splint bone or joint injuries (unless rapid transport is indicated)
4. maintain the patient's body temp. with blankets (unless the external temp. is greater than body temp.)

Front 104

tamponade effect

Back 104

compression of blood vessels

Front 105

contraindications of PASG

Back 105

penetrating chest injuries, cardiac tamponade, ruptured diaphragm, cardiogenic shock, acute MI, pulmonary edema, pregnancy, and exposed abdominal organs

Front 106

worst type of arterial injury

Back 106

one that severs only part of the wall b/c the muscle cannot fully constrict to prevent blood loss due to the continuous surface of part of the artery that holds it open

Front 107

veins are more superficial than arteries

Back 107

true

Front 108

how long does it take for clotting to complete

Back 108

4-6 minutes

Front 109

cardiogenic shock

Back 109

when cardiac output is insufficient for body's needs due to heart or pump failure; most common cause is an MI; on the arterial side, loss blood goes to tissues and organs; on the venous side, blood returning to the heart backs up in the venous system, distended neck veins result from this backup on the systemic side of circulation

Front 110

T or F: children rarely die from cardiac arrest

Back 110

T

Front 111

risk factors for SIDS

Back 111

prone sleeping position, winter months, low SES, adolescent mother, prematurity, smoking during pregancny, no prenatal care

Front 112

when blood flow to the skin is reduced the skin may appear

Back 112

pale

Front 113

what vessels are likely to promote air embolism when severed

Back 113

veins in the neck and upper chest

Front 114

what divides the eye into anterior and posterior chambers

Back 114

lens

Front 115

the middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the

Back 115

eustachian tube

Front 116

incomplete avulsed parst os the ear are treated by

Back 116

replacing them in anatomical position and bandaging them

Front 117

the rupture of the eardrum is caused by changes in altitude and pressure is a type of

Back 117

barotrauma

Front 118

skin that is blistered, red, blotchy, swollen, and very painful is best described as

Back 118

partial thickness or second degree burn

Front 119

skin that appears charred, yellow brown, dark red, or white and transulcent with thrombosed veins that are visible is probably a

Back 119

full thickness burn

Front 120

charring around the mouth and nose, black sputum, and singed nasal hairs and eyebrows are considered critical signs of

Back 120

respiratory burn injuries

Front 121

the most common complication of a large surface area burn is

Back 121

hypothermia

Front 122

in burn patients, stridor and hoarselessness may suggest

Back 122

an airway obstruction

Front 123

if electrical current passes through the brain the most likely complication is

Back 123

respiratory arrest

Front 124

first degree burns are not included in estimating the extent of the burn T or F?

Back 124

T

Front 125

infants up to a year have an average respiratory rate of approximately

Back 125

25-30

Front 126

systolic BP less than 70 mmHg is

Back 126

considered an indicator of shock in children

Front 127

b/c the have better compensatory mechanisms, children can maintain their BP till they lose

Back 127

40% of blood volume

Front 128

croup is most common in

Back 128

children 6 months to 3 years

Front 129

epiglottitis has a rapid onset of approximately

Back 129

10-12 hours

Front 130

primary diseases affecting the lower airways of pediatric patients are

Back 130

asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia

Front 131

foreign bodies are more likely to enter the right main stem bronchus than left

Back 131

true

Front 132

most common internal organ injury in children is

Back 132

the spleen

Front 133

yellow/brown bruises are ____ days old

Back 133

7 days

Front 134

red/blue bruises are ____ days old

Back 134

1 to 3 days old

Front 135

purple bruises are

Back 135

3-7 days old

Front 136

idiopathic

Back 136

no known cause