First Real Rhetoric Test

Front 1

Definition of Rhetoric (Mr D's version)

Back 1

When an image, argument, or statement is being made to achieve some purpose. But it's not just what is being seen or heard, it's HOW its been arranged.

Front 2

In the past rhetoric wasdominated by...

Back 2

speech and oration

Front 3

Modern day rhetoric focuses on ... and which is more important

Back 3

speech, image, and writing. Image has become more important

Front 4

Waht are the three parts of a rhetoric triangle?

Back 4

audience, Communicator, Subject

Front 5

What does the subject of a retorical triangle include? What is it?

Back 5

Information, argument, reasons, evidence, data, structure

It is whatever is being discussed

Front 6

What does the communicator of a rhetorical triangle include? What is it?

Back 6

Ethos (credibility), authority, correctness, appearance, eloquence.

Whoever is making the argument

Front 7

What does the audience of a rhetorical triangle include? What is it?

Back 7

beliefs, values, knowledge, experiance.

Whoever it is directed toward

Front 8

What three questions must you ask yourself before you make a rhetorical triangle?

Back 8

What does the audience know about the subject? What is the author's attitude? Is there common ground between the writer's and readers' views of the subject?

Front 9

When making a retorical triangle, which of the three parts should you consider first?

Back 9

the audience

Front 10

What is a rhetorical situation?

Back 10

circumstances under which the communicator engages in the state of the audience, the exigence, the purpose, and the state of teh world outside of this specific context.

Front 11

What is the state off the audience?
What 4 questions go with that?

Back 11

the durrent disposition od the audience. How do they feel? What are they thinking about? Waht are they concerned about? What do they expect.

Front 12

What is exigence?

Back 12

What makes the subject so nessecary at this point in time.

Front 13

What questions do you ask in order to find the purpose of a rhetorical situation?

Back 13

Waht is the point? Why is this being done?

Front 14

What questions do you ask for the state of the world?

Back 14

Is what’s happening in the world (grand scheme of things; for example, politics, environment, economics, trade, etc.) affecting the choices made by this rhetorician? Is what’s happening on a grand scale affecting how this rhetoric is delivered/created?

Front 15

What does induction mean?

Back 15

The argument's three parts go from specific to general

Front 16

What does deduction mean?

Back 16

The argument's three parts have a specific conclusion followed logical initial premises which people might agree on.

Front 17

Wgat are the three parts of an argument?

Back 17

Conclusion, reason for conclusion, and evidence

Front 18

Three things to remember about induction: you can/can't prove your argument antirely with induction; evaluate ___ , and demonstrate the ___ of your ___ and show how the ___ fits teh conclusion

Back 18

can't; evidence; credibility; evidence

Front 19

What is a powerful deduction tactic? When is it used?

Back 19

Reductio ad Absurdiom
To question a position.

Front 20

What is a syllogism?

Back 20

a set of 3 statements that follow a pattern to ensure sound reasoning

Front 21

What three statements make up a syllogism?

Back 21

Major Premise, Minor Premise, Conclusion

Front 22

What does a Major Premise do?

Back 22

It names a certain category and states that all or none chare a characteristic

Front 23

What does a minor premise do?

Back 23

It notes a thing or group of things belonging to a group

Front 24

What does a conclusion in a syllogism do?

Back 24

It says that the thing or group shares characteristics of the category.

Front 25

What is Ethos?

Back 25

ethical appeals

trustworthiness, credibility (expert testimony,reliable source, fairness), image

Front 26

What is Pathos?

Back 26

emotional appeal

The higher emotions (love, guilt, fear) and base emotions (greed, lust)

Front 27

What is logos?

Back 27

rational appeal

facts, case studies, statistics, experiments, logical reasoning, analogies/anecdotes

Front 28

Logos: Established truths

Back 28

facts that none can seriously dispute

Front 29

Logos: Opinions of authorities. Beware of...
it is more advisable to...

Back 29

recognized experts in some field
...biased opinons
...get opinons from those in non-profit organizations or third parties whjo won't stand to win or lose depending on who wins

Front 30

Logos: Primary source Info

Back 30

documents or other materials produced by individuals directly involved in the issue

Front 31

What three statements make up a syllogism?

Back 31

Major Premise, Minor Premise, Conclusion

Front 32

What does a Major Premise do?

Back 32

It names a certain category and states that all or none chare a characteristic

Front 33

What does a minor premise do?

Back 33

It notes a thing or group of things belonging to a group

Front 34

What does a conclusion in a syllogism do?

Back 34

It says that the thing or group shares characteristics of the category.

Front 35

What is Ethos?

Back 35

ethical appeals

trustworthiness, credibility (expert testimony,reliable source, fairness), image

Front 36

What is Pathos?

Back 36

emotional appeal

The higher emotions (love, guilt, fear) and base emotions (greed, lust)

Front 37

What is logos?

Back 37

rational appeal

facts, case studies, statistics, experiments, logical reasoning, analogies/anecdotes

Front 38

Logos: Established truths

Back 38

facts that none can seriously dispute

Front 39

Logos: Opinions of authorities. Beware of...
it is more advisable to...

Back 39

recognized experts in some field
...biased opinons
...get opinons from those in non-profit organizations or third parties whjo won't stand to win or lose depending on who wins

Front 40

Logos: Primary source Info

Back 40

documents or other materials produced by individuals directly involved in the issue

Front 41

Logos: Statistical findings

Back 41

data that says how much and how often

Front 42

Logos: Personal Experience

Back 42

Evidence based on something you experienced

Front 43

Logos: Evaluate credibility

Back 43

How credible are the sources of information? How reliable is the evidence?

Front 44

Logos: Confirming evidence

Back 44

How much is there?

Front 45

Logos: Contradictory evidence

Back 45

How much is there?

Front 46

Logos: Established evidence

Back 46

How well established is it?

Front 47

Logos: Evaluate support

Back 47

how well does the evidence actually support/fit the claim?

Front 48

Logos: Evaluate conclusions

Back 48

Waht does the evidence actually allow you to conclude?

Front 49

Hasty Generalization (leans towards...)

Back 49

stereotypes

results when someone bases a conclusion on too little evidence

Front 50

No Sequitor (...)

Back 50

(it does not follow)

drawing unwarranted conclusions from seemingly ample evidence

Front 51

Stereotyping (deals with...)

Back 51

(traditional stereotypes)

attacking one or more supposed characteristics to a group or one of its members

Front 52

Card Stacking/Straw Man

Back 52

presenting only part o the available evidence on a topic, delibarately omitting essential information that would alter the picture considerably

Front 53

Either/Or Fallacy

Back 53

asserts that any two choices exist when in fact several options are possible. Not all either or statements are fallacies.

Front 54

Begging the Question/Circular argument

Back 54

the premesis includes the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly/indirectly) assume that the conclusion is true

Front 55

Red Herring

Back 55

sidetracking an issue by introducing irrelevant information

Front 56

Ad Hominem/Poisoning the Well

Back 56

an argument that attacks the individual, not the individual's opinions or qualifications

Front 57

Tu Quoque

Back 57

because someone isn't following what they themselves are saying, the argument is discredited; concered with the person rather than their logic and reasons

Front 58

Ad Populum

Back 58

an appeal to teh majority; the majority says its true so it must be true

Front 59

Appeal to teh Crowd

Back 59

loaded language. Appealing to a group based on emotions by playing on irrational fears and prejudices of teh audience with very euphamistic (loaded) language

Front 60

Guilty By Association

Back 60

points out some similarity or connection between one person or group and another, tacking the )real or imagined) sins of one to the other

Front 61

Post Hoc

Back 61

assumes that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second event

Front 62

False Analogy

Back 62

assuming that two circumstances or things are similar in all important aspects

Front 63

Slippery Slope

Back 63

when a person argues that one event will consequently lead to another without addressing the connection between the two

Front 64

Narrative Mode of Discourse

Back 64

always makes a point or has a purpose
showing vs telling; puts images in readers' minds

Front 65

Description Mode of Discourse

Back 65

single quality, mood, or atmosphere that the writer wishes to write about
objective vs Subjective
be vivid

Front 66

Compare Contrast Mode of Discourse. point by point/subject by subject

Back 66

discuss each subject simultaneously, arranged by examining shared, particular points/ discuss all the points of one subject then move on to discuss all the points of the second subject

Front 67

4 things aristotle thought we strive to do in a conclusion

Back 67

inspire the audience with a favorable opinion of ourselves and unfavorable of our opponents

amplify the force of teh points we have made in the previous section and to extenuate the force of the points made by the opposition

to rouse the appropriate emotions in the argument

to restate in a summary way our facts and arguments