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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False: An orbital is a three dimensional space where a proton can be found 90% of the time.
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True
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True or False: Atoms of various elements differ in the number of subatomic particles
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True
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True or False: Water is a polar molecule because oxygen atoms are strongly electronegative
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True
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True or False: Carbon atoms have 8 electrons in their valence shell. This allows carbon to form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
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False. Carbon has 4 valence electrons
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True or False: A polypeptide is formed when amino acids are joined by dehydration reactions to form peptide bonds.
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True
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True or False: In a phospholipid, two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol.
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True
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True or False: Protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus of cells.
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False. Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes.
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True or False: Mitochondria and chloroplasts both contain DNA and ribosomes.
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True
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True or False: Polar and charged molecules generally cannot diffuse across a lipid bilayer.
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True
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True or False: Water passes quickly through the plasma membrane because it moves through the aquaporins in the membrane.
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True
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Testosterone and estradiol are proteins.
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False. Testosterone and estradiol are lipids.
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Which of the following bonds is the strongest?
-covalent -hydrogen -ionic bond in a crystal -peptide |
covalent
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Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these called?
-ions -isotopes -neutronic atoms -isomers |
isotopes
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When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form
-equal numbers of isotopes -ionic bonds -polar covalent bonds -nonpolar covalent bonds |
nonpolar covalent bonds
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The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when
-chlorine gains an electron from sodium -sodium and chlorine share an electron pair -sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. -sodium gains an electron from chlorine. |
chlorine gains an electron from sodium
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One of the emergent properties of water is that it is a very good solvent for polar molecules. Water has this property because:
-it is a liquid -water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules -Oxygen atoms are strongly electronegative and generate a dipole movement in water molecules -Water causes acids to dissociate |
Oxygen atoms are strongly electronegative and generate a dipole movement in water molecules
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What is the difference between a D-amino acid and an L-amino acid?
-They are geometric isomers; the side chains are on different sides of a double bond -They are enantiomers; they are mirror images of each other -They are structural isomers; they have the same number of carbons but their carbon backbones branch differently. -There is no difference |
They are enantiomers; they are mirror images of each other
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What is the purpose of carbonic acid in the blood?
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It helps maintain the pH of the blood
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Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides with repeating glucose subunits. Why do cellulose and starch have completely different three-dimensional structures?
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Cellulose uses 1,4 linkage of alpha-glucose, whereas starch uses 1,4 linkage of beta-glucose
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The secondary structure of proteins refers to _____________
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Hydrogen bonds between atoms on the peptide backbone
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Which of the following is an example of a tertiary interaction in a protein?
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Hydrogen bonds between atoms on the side chains of amino acids.
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How many molecules of fatty acids does it take to make a single molecule of fat?
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3
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Mitochondria are not considered part of the endomembrane system. Why?
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Mitochondria do not get new membrane or proteins from the ER; they make their own membrane and proteins
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When would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?
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when a cell is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
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What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
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chaperonin
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What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
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It regulates the fluidity of the membrane
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How do large polar and/or charged solutes cross the plasma membrane?
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Transmembrane proteins called transporters (aka carriers) and channels are used.
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Which of the following is true about integral proteins?
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They are usually transmembrane proteins.
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The SER has 4 diverse functions. what are they?
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Lipid systhesis, detox. Drugs, carb metabolism, calcium storage
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Functions of the golgi complex include
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Modifes products of ER, synthesis of some macromolecules, sorts and packages material
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What is the difference between phagocytosis and autophagy?
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Phagocytosis is when a cell consumes a subject outside of itself, while autophagy is where the cell breaks down its own organelles.
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The cytoskeleton is composed of three molecular structures (protein based). List them
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microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
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