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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Viruses
- consist mainly of nucleic acids
- sometimes protein shell called capsid
- enter cells and divert the processes of those cells towards their own replication
Chlamydia
-enter and multiply within living cell
- have morphology and life history so more complicated than viruses
Parasites
- organism that grows feeds and is sheltered by a host organism
- gives no benefit to the host
Bacteria
- prokaryotes that have a rigid cell wall that defines shape
- circular chromosome
- reproduce with binary fission
Mycoplams
-similar to bacteria except no cell wall
-more delicate than bacteria
Some mechanical barriers involved in the host defence
- Skin
- Saliva
- Mucous
- Tears
- Hair
- Sweat
Colonization
The act of microorganisms entering, establishing themselves and multiplying.
Contamination
Bacteria are present in the system but have not established or multiplied.
Clinical Infection
Colonization with symptoms that have a negative effect to the host.
Sub-Clinical Infection
Contagious, but without noticeable symptoms.
Adherence
- prerequisite for infection process to start
- microorganisms use physical features such as pilli capsules and enzymes
Toxigenicity
Ability to make toxins the more able to make toxins a pathogen is the more virulent it is and therefore more dangerous.
Toxin
Harmful proteins that damage the bodies defenses and can lead to symptoms.
Exotoxins
- Excreted toxins
- Very potent
- Very specific affinity to certain places in the body
- Thermo-labile (breaks down under high heat)
Endotoxins
-Release only when cell wall disintegrates (lysis)
- No specific affinity causes systemic effects (e.g. fever malaise or shock)
- Proteins are thermostable
Opportunistic Pathogens
microorganisms which rarely cause disease in healthy humans but do in immuno-compromised humans
Pathogenicity
measurement of ability to produce disease.
Virulence
How much damage the pathogen can cause (degree of pathogenicity).
Factors that determine capacity of an organism to produce disease are:
- Transmissibility
-Routes of Entry
- Pathogenicity
-protect themselves
- adhere to and persist on body surfaces
Coagulase
accelerates plasma clotting which forms around the infection and forms a barrier from leukocytes
Hyaluronidase
hydrolyses polymerised hyaluronic acid (mesodermal tissue) which is the substance that holds adjacent cells together.
Opsonization
When an antibody modifies the surface of a capsule in a way that permits a phagocyte to take up the encapsulated organism.
Complement
- system of plasma proteins
- work together to resist bacteria
- Some bacteria are killed by complement
Two types of metastatic spread
- Baceraemia
- Septicaemia