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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clovis
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f
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folsom, NM
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- discovered in 1920; helped to provide evidence for the theory that the new world ancestors crossed the land bridge to get here
- scientists found a point among a bison's ribs |
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D'yuktai culture
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siberian; suggests possible ancestor cutlure
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band
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small numbers of families (around 75 people) ; these groups had no central leader, decisions were formed by an adult consensus; there was limited economic vaiation; highly mobile; huntering and gathering lifestyle; used currated tools; yet:
- limited dna diversity (suspectible to diseases); shifty geenes |
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mega-faunal extinctions
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are people linked to their extinctinons? limited evidence to support this claim
- diseses - chaning climates - slow reproductive rates |
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developments:
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- increased regionalization: change from scattered clovis to more condensed culture
- population growth - increase in sedentism - beginnings of plant domestications - |
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temperate resources
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many sources of food are available throughout the seasons
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population increases:
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- this pattern is marked by more bands, site, tools, environmental signs
- the consequencs:inc trade, creation of social groups, specializations |
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seasonal rounds
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- people gathering near large food sources
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aggregation sites
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when people would split up for specific seasons, and then meet up at a specific places during other seasons
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creation of places
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= cultural phenonom
- driven by: territory mentality - places - social centers - cemetaries, monuments |
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late archaic
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people which witnessed the development of more complex socities; 2 major achievements:
- formation of more complex socities - domestication |
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the archaic cultres of n. america
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marked by: - social reorganization - substience shifts
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middle archaric
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(4000 - 3000 BC)
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middle archaic case studies
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- constructed large mounds in the lower missippi valley
ex: - watson brake, louisinia: the plaza; dated earlier than expected - hedgepeth mounds, lousiana - mounds at frenchmen's bend, lousiana - |
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monuments
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built to:
- proclaim power, riches - attract people - communal work - send messages |
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povery point
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- large site
-features: large mound, concentric ridges - an aggregation site - artifacts: povery point objects (suggest cooking methods, or the importance of feasting), lapidary insdustry (suggests importance of trade), .. |
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carrier mills - s. illionis
- middle archaic settlement |
- at this site they discovered several large multiperiod sites
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Gatecliff shelter (Monitor valley, Nevada)
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- deep stratigraphic sequence;
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cheifdoms
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between: communities and complex states
- termed "intermediate scale societies" |
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social inequalities
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- can be : ascribed (somthing that is assigned rather than achieved, related to birth)
- inequalities are often political or economic - evidence of : settlement hierarchies and settlement differentiation |
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labor division
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- based on sex / age
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political
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- centralied, institutional political offices
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mortuary practices
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- ranking of individuals is eveident in mortuary practice
- burial rituals - elab. of graves - segregation - grave goods - investment - symbolic markings |
