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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk factors for DVT
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Virchow's triad of venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability
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Criteria for exudative effusion
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Plueral fluid to serum protein >0.5; plueral to serum LDH >0.6
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Causes of exudative effusion
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Think leaky capillaries. Malignancy, TB, bacterial or viral infection, pulmonary embolism w/ infacrt, and pancreatitis.
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Causes of transudative effusion
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Think of intact capillaries. CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, protein losing enteropathy
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Nomralizing pCO2 in a pt having an asthma exacerbation may indication what?
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Fatigue and impending respiratory failure.
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Dsypnea, lateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, elevated ACE and hypercalcemia
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Sarcoidosis
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PFT's show decreased FEV1/FVC
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Obstructive disease
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PFTs show elevated FEV1/FVC
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Restrictive pulmonary disease
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Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Dx? Tx?
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Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care. Steroids may help.
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Treatment for SVC syndrome
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Radiation
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Treatment for mild persistent asthma
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Inhaled B-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
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Treatment for COPD exacerbation
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O2, bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids w/ taper, smoking cessation
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Treatment for chronic COPD
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Smoking cessation, home O2, b-agonists, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled steroids, flu and penumoccal vaccines
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Acid base disorder in PE
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Respiratory alkalosis (hypoxia w/ decreased CO2)
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Non-small cell lung cancer associated w/ hypercalcemia
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Lung cancer associated w/ SIADH
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Small cell
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Lung cancer highly related to cigarette smoking
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small cell
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A tall white male presents w/ acute shortness of breath. Dx? Tx?
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Spontaneous pneumothorax. Tx is spontaneous regression. Supplemental O2 may help
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Tx of tension pneumo
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Immediate needle thoracostomy
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Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule
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Age >45-50, lesion new or larger in comparision to old films; absence of calcifications or irregular calfications; size > 2 cm, irregular margins
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Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema w/ normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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ARDS
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Sequalae of asbestos exposure
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Pulmonary fibrosis, pleural plaques, bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung fields)m mesothelioma (pleural mass).
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Increased risk of what infection w/ silicosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Causes of hypoxemia
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Right to left shunts, hypoventilation, low inspired 02 tension, diffusion defect, V/Q mismatch
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Classic CXR findings of pulmonary edema
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Cadriomegaly, prominent pulmonary essels, Kerly B line, bat's wing appearance of hilar shadows, perivascular and peribronchial cuffing
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