First Aid Step 2: Cardiovascular

Front 1

Classic EKG finding in atrial flutter

Back 1

"sawtooth" p waves

Front 2

Definition of unstable angina.

Back 2

Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest.

Front 3

Anti-hypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria.

Back 3

ACEi

Front 4

Beck's Triad for cardiac tamponade.

Back 4

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD.

Front 5

Drugs that slow AV node transmission.

Back 5

B-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel blockers

Front 6

Hpyercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruitis

Back 6

niacin

Front 7

Murmur: SEM heard along the lateral sternal boarder that increases w/ Valsalva and with standing.

Back 7

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Front 8

Murmur: Diastolic decrescendo, high pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard sitting upright; increased with decreased preload (handgrip maneuver)

Back 8

Aortic insufficiency

Front 9

Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increased with increased preload (Valsalva)

Back 9

Aortic Stenosis

Front 10

Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or carotids

Back 10

Mitral regurgitation

Front 11

Diastolic, mid- to late, low pitched murmur

Back 11

Mitral Stenosis

Front 12

Treatment for a fib and a. flutter

Back 12

If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control w/ B-block or CCB

Front 13

Treatment of v fib

Back 13

immediate cardioversion

Front 14

Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post MI.

Back 14

Dressler Syndrome: fever, pericarditis, and elevated ESR

Front 15

IV drug user w/ JVD and holosystolic murmur at left sternal border? Treatment?

Back 15

Treat existing heart failure and replace tricuspid valve.

Front 16

Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Back 16

ECHO (thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)

Front 17

A fall in systolic BP >10mmHg w/ inspiration.

Back 17

Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade)

Front 18

Classic EKG finding in cardiac tamponade.

Back 18

Low voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation.

Front 19

Definition of HTN.

Back 19

BP >140/90 on 3 seperate occasions, 2 weeks apart.

Front 20

Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN.

Back 20

Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pehochromocytoma, Conn's syndrom, Cushings syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathroidism.

Front 21

Evaluation of a pulsatile ab mass and bruit.

Back 21

Ab ultrasound and CT

Front 22

Indication for surgical repair of AAA

Back 22

size >5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, syptomatic, or ruptured.

Front 23

Treatment for acute coronary syndrome.

Back 23

Morphine, O2, sublingual nitro, ASA, IV B-blcokers, heparin.

Front 24

What is metabolic syndrome?

Back 24

Abdominal obesity, high TG's, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistence, prothrombic or proinflammatory state.

Front 25

Appropriate diagnostic test: 50 year old man w/ angina can exercise to 85% of max predicted HR.

Back 25

Exercise stress treadmill test w/ EKG

Front 26

Appropriate diagnostic test: 65 year old woman w/ LBBB and severe OA w/ unstable angina.

Back 26

Pharm stress test (eg. dobutamine ECHO)

Front 27

Target LDL in a pt w/ DM

Back 27

<70

Front 28

Signs of active ischemia during stress test.

Back 28

Angina, ST-segment changes, or decreased BP.

Front 29

EKG findings in MI.

Back 29

ST-elevation, flattened (or inversed) T waves, and Q waves.

Front 30

Coronary arteries involved in anterior MI.

Back 30

LAD/diagonal

Front 31

Coronary artery involved in inferior MI

Back 31

PDA

Front 32

Coronary artery involved in posterior MI

Back 32

left circumflex/oblique or RCA/marginal

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in septal MI

Back 33

LAD/diagonal

Front 34

A young pt w/ angina at rest and ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.

Back 34

Prinzmetal's agina

Front 35

Common symptoms of silent MIs

Back 35

CHF, shock, altered mental status

Front 36

The diagnostic test for PE

Back 36

ventilation/perfusion scan

Front 37

Agent that reverses heparin

Back 37

protamine

Front 38

Coagulation test effected by warfarin

Back 38

PT/ INR

Front 39

A young pt w/ a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising

Back 39

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 40

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens for oral surgery.

Back 40

amoxicillin

Front 41

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens for GI/GU surgery.

Back 41

ampicillin + gentamicin before, and amoxicillin after

Front 42

The 6 P's of ischemia in peripheral vascular disease

Back 42

Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia

Front 43

Virchow's triad

Back 43

(For PE): Stasis, hypercoaguability, endothelial damage.

Front 44

The most common cause of HTN in young women.

Back 44

OCPs

Front 45

The most common cause of HTN in young men.

Back 45

Excessive EtOH.