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93 Cards in this Set
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Anticentromere antibodies
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CREST Syndrome (Calcinosis, Raynaud's, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia) [Fingers and Face with limited skin involvement, and benign course - unlike Diffuse Scleroderma)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS (blistering) [IgG AB against Desmoglein, part of Desmosome (cell-to-cell); Acantholysis; Nikolsky's sign; IF: intercellular IgG and C3 deposits]
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage/hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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DRUG-induced SLE (Sulfazalamine, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide) [Black Female, Libmann-Sacks Endocarditis, Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Raynaud's phenomenon, die from Nephritis, FP on VDRL)
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity, Type III Hypersensitivity, HLADR4)
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS [Female, Cholestasis, Portal HTN] (INTRAhepatic Duct destruction, pruritus, jaundice, dark urine/light stool, hepatosplenomegaly, RUQ pain
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (Wegener's (c-ANCA), microscopic polyangiitis (p-ANCA), Churg-Straus syndrome (p-ANCA)
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Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity) [anti-dsDNA = poor prognosis]
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies (anti-Scl-70 AB)
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SCLERODERMA: Diffuse Scleroderma [widespread skin involvement, early visceral involvement, rapid course)
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (AML: especially the promyelocytic type)
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"Bamboo spine" on x-rays
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Anklosing spondylitis (Seroneg Spondyloarthropathies, HLA-B27, sacroiliitis)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES [dt ASPLENIA: splenectomy or non-functional spleen]
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot-shaped" heart on X-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH = Rt-Lt Cyanotic Shunt (skipping lung) [PS + RVH + Overriding Aorta + VSD)]
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone) |
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crsecentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cell surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright Rosettes (Medulloblastoma (kids), Neuroblastoma, Retinoblastoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal Recessive, CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilius)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substania nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spiral (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (Granulosa-Theca cell tumor of the ovary: Non-germ cell tumour, secretes Estrogen)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with INTRAnuclear inclusion bodies
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"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophillic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Negri Body of Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surronding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies [Yolk Sac (ovarian/testes) Tumor, AFP]
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"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
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β-thalassemia Major (HbF), Sickle Cell Anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, Hydatidiform Mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile Antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in broncial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High levels of D-Dimers
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DVT, PE, DIC
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"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegment neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12, Folate deficiency)
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Hypochromin, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: ↑chance of mesothelioma
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Large lysosomal vesicle in phagocytes, immunocompromised
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Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance on glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein =IgM) macroglobulinemia |
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones protein (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's (macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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"String-sign" (Crohn's disease)
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Needle-shaped, negatively bifringent crystals
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Gout (hyperuricemia)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman's triangle on x-ray (osterosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's dosease and CJD)
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Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia. Similar to Alzheimer's)
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Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify)
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Ghon focus (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
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Small, round RBC inclusions
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Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, chronic liver disease
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"Soap bubble" on X-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of RBC
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white-red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacteria pyelonephritis
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"Tram-tracks" appearance on LM
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look "smudged"
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CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
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"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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c-ANCA
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Wegener's Granulamatosis - granulomatosis with polyangitis (small vessel disease) -- TRIAD: 1. nec. vasculitis, 2. nec. granulomas in lung/upper airway, 3. nec. GN --->URT (nasal septum perforation, saddle nose + LRT (hemoptysis, cough) + Renal (red cell casts, hematuria)
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p-ANCA
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1) Microscopic Polyangiitis 2) Pauci-Immune GN (IgA) 3) Churg-Straus Syndrome (vasculitis in young asthmatic, IgE)
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