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882 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Abdominal
|
pain,
|
|
|
Achilles
|
tendon
|
|
|
Adrenal
|
hemorrhage,
|
|
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Arachnodactyly,
|
lens
|
|
|
Athlete
|
with
|
|
|
Back
|
pain,
|
|
|
Bilateral
|
hilar
|
|
|
Blue
|
sclera Osteogenesis
|
|
|
Bluish
|
line
|
|
|
B
|
one
|
|
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Bounding
|
pulses,
|
|
|
Butterfly
|
facial
|
|
|
Cafe-au-lait
|
spots,
|
|
|
Cafe-au-lait
|
spots,
|
|
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Calf
|
pseudohypertrophy Muscular
|
|
|
Cherry-red
|
spot
|
|
|
Chest
|
pain
|
|
|
Chest
|
pain,
|
|
|
Child
|
uses
|
|
|
Child
|
with
|
|
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Chorea,
|
dementia,
|
|
|
Chronic
|
exercise
|
|
|
Cold
|
intolerance Hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Conjugate
|
lateral
|
|
|
Continuous
|
"machinery"
|
|
|
Cutaneous/dermal
|
edema
|
|
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Dark
|
purple
|
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Deep,
|
labored
|
|
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Dermatitis,
|
dementia,
|
|
|
Dilated
|
cardiomyopathy,
|
|
|
Dog
|
or
|
|
|
Dry
|
eyes,
|
|
|
Dysphagia
|
(esophageal
|
|
|
Elastic
|
skin,
|
|
|
Enlarged,
|
hard
|
|
|
Erythroderma,
|
lymphadenopathy,
|
|
|
Facial
|
muscle
|
|
|
Fat,
|
female,
|
|
|
Fever,
|
chills,
|
|
|
Fever,
|
cough,
|
|
|
Fever,
|
n
|
|
|
F
|
ibrous
|
|
|
Gout,
|
mental
|
|
|
Green-yellow
|
rings
|
|
|
Hamartomatous
|
GI
|
|
|
Hepatosplenomegaly,
|
osteoporosis,
|
|
|
Hereditary
|
nephritis,
|
|
|
Hypercoagulability
|
(leading
|
|
|
Hyperphagia,
|
hypersexuality,
|
|
|
Hyperreflexia,
|
hypertonia,
|
|
|
Hypertension,
|
hypokalemia,
|
|
|
Hyporeflexia,
|
hypotonia,
|
|
|
Hypoxem
|
ia,
|
|
|
Indurated,
|
ulcerated
|
|
|
Infant
|
with
|
|
|
Infant
|
with
|
|
|
Infant
|
with
|
|
|
Keratin
|
pearls
|
|
|
Large
|
rash
|
|
|
Lucid
|
interval
|
|
|
Male
|
child,
|
|
|
Mucosal
|
bleeding
|
|
|
Multiple
|
colon
|
|
|
Myopathy
|
(infantile
|
|
|
Necrotizing
|
vasculitis
|
|
|
Neonate
|
with
|
|
|
No
|
lactation
|
|
|
Nystagmus,
|
intention
|
|
|
Oscillating
|
slow/fast
|
|
|
Painful
|
blue
|
|
|
Painful,
|
pale,
|
|
|
Painful,
|
raised
|
|
|
Painless
|
erythematous
|
|
|
Painless
|
jaundice Cancer
|
|
|
Palpable
|
purpura
|
|
|
Pancreatic,
|
pituitary,
|
|
|
Pink
|
complexion,
|
|
|
Polyuria,
|
acidosis,
|
|
|
Positive
|
anterior
|
|
|
Ptosis,
|
miosis,
|
|
|
Pupil
|
accommodates
|
|
|
Rapidly
|
progressive
|
|
|
Rash
|
on
|
|
|
Recurrent
|
colds,
|
|
|
Red
|
"currant
|
|
|
Red,
|
itchy,
|
|
|
Red
|
urine
|
|
|
Renal
|
cell
|
|
|
Resting
|
tremor,
|
|
|
Retinal
|
hemorrhages
|
|
|
Severe
|
jaundice
|
|
|
Severe
|
RLQ
|
|
|
Short
|
stature,
|
|
|
Single
|
palm
|
|
|
S
|
itus
|
|
|
Skin
|
hyperpigmentation Addison's
|
|
|
Slow,
|
progressive
|
|
|
Small,
|
irregular
|
|
|
Smooth,
|
flat,
|
|
|
Splinter
|
hemorrhages
|
|
|
Strawberry
|
tongue Scarlet
|
|
|
Streak
|
ovaries,
|
|
|
Sudden
|
swollen/painful
|
|
|
Swollen
|
gums,
|
|
|
Swollen,
|
hard,
|
|
|
Systolic
|
ejection
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
and
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
tumors,
|
|
|
Toe
|
extension/fanning
|
|
|
Unilateral
|
facial
|
|
|
Urethritis,
|
conjunctivitis,
|
|
|
Vascular
|
birthmark
|
|
|
Vomiting
|
blood
|
|
|
Waxy
|
casts
|
|
|
WBC
|
casts
|
|
|
Weight
|
loss,
|
|
|
Worst
|
headache
|
|
|
Anticentromere
|
antibodies Scleroderma
|
|
|
Antidesmoglein
|
(epithelial)
|
|
|
Anti-glomerular
|
basement
|
|
|
Antihistone
|
antibodies Drug-induced
|
|
|
Anti-lgG
|
antibodies Rheumatoid
|
|
|
Antimitochondrial
|
antibodies
|
|
|
Antineutrophil
|
cytoplasmic
|
|
|
Antinuclear
|
antibodies
|
|
|
Antiplatelet
|
antibodies Idiopathic
|
|
|
Anti-topoisomerase
|
antibodies Diffuse
|
|
|
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial
|
antibodies Celiac
|
|
|
Apple
|
core
|
|
|
Azurophilic
|
granular
|
|
|
Bacitracin
|
response Sensitive:
|
|
|
Bamboo
|
spine
|
|
|
Basophilic
|
nuclear
|
|
|
Basophilic
|
stippling
|
|
|
Bloody
|
tap
|
|
|
Boot-shaped
|
heart
|
|
|
Branching
|
gram-positive
|
|
|
Bronchogenic
|
apical
|
|
|
Brown
|
tumor
|
|
|
Cardiomegaly
|
with
|
|
|
Cellular
|
crescents
|
|
|
Chocolate
|
cyst
|
|
|
Circular
|
grouping
|
|
|
Colonies
|
of
|
|
|
Decreased
|
a-fetoprotei
|
|
|
Degeneration
|
of
|
|
|
Depigmentation
|
of
|
|
|
Desquamated
|
epithelium
|
|
|
Disarrayed
|
granulosa
|
|
|
Dysplastic
|
squamous
|
|
|
Enlarged
|
cells
|
|
|
Enlarged
|
thyroid
|
|
|
Eosinophilic
|
cytoplasmic
|
|
|
Eosinophilic
|
cytoplasmic
|
|
|
Eosinophilic
|
globule
|
|
|
Eosinophilic
|
inclusion
|
|
|
Extracellular
|
amyloid
|
|
|
Giant
|
B
|
|
|
Glomerulus-like
|
structure
|
|
|
Hair-on-end
|
(crew-cut)
|
|
|
hCG
|
elevated Choriocarcinoma,
|
|
|
Heart
|
nodules
|
|
|
Heterophile
|
antibodies Infectious
|
|
|
Hexagonal,
|
double-pointed,
|
|
|
High
|
level
|
|
|
Hilar
|
lymphadenopathy,
|
|
|
Honeycomb
|
lung
|
|
|
Hypersegmented
|
neutrophils Megaloblastic
|
|
|
Hypochromic,
|
microcytic
|
|
|
Increased
|
a-fetoprotein
|
|
|
Increased
|
uric
|
|
|
Intranuclear
|
eosinophilic
|
|
|
Iron-contai
|
ning
|
|
|
Large
|
lysosomal
|
|
|
Lead
|
pipe
|
|
|
Linear
|
appearance
|
|
|
Low
|
serum
|
|
|
Lumpy-bumpy
|
appearance
|
|
|
Lytic
|
("hole-punched")
|
|
|
Mammary
|
gland
|
|
|
Monoclonal
|
antibody
|
|
|
Monoclonal
|
globulin
|
|
|
Mucin-filled
|
cell
|
|
|
Narrowing
|
of
|
|
|
Needle-shaped,
|
negatively
|
|
|
Nodular
|
hyaline
|
|
|
Novobiocin
|
response Sensitive:
|
|
|
Nutmeg
|
appearance
|
|
|
Onion-skin
|
periosteal
|
|
|
Optochin
|
response Sensitive:
|
|
|
Periosteum
|
raised
|
|
|
Podocyte
|
fusion
|
|
|
Polished,
|
"ivory-like"
|
|
|
Protein
|
aggregates
|
|
|
Pseudopalisading
|
tumor
|
|
|
RBC
|
casts
|
|
|
Rectangular,
|
crystal-like,
|
|
|
Renal
|
epithelial
|
|
|
Rhomboid
|
crystals,
|
|
|
Rib
|
notching Coarctation
|
|
|
Ring-enhancing
|
brain
|
|
|
Sheets
|
of
|
|
|
Silver-staining
|
spherical
|
|
|
Soap
|
bubble
|
|
|
Spikes
|
on
|
|
|
Stacks
|
of
|
|
|
Stippled
|
vaginal
|
|
|
Tennis-racket-shaped
|
cytoplasmic
|
|
|
Thrombi
|
made
|
|
|
'Thumb
|
sign"
|
|
|
Thyroid-like
|
appearance
|
|
|
Tram-track
|
appearance
|
|
|
Triglyceride
|
accumulation
|
|
|
WBCs
|
that
|
|
|
Wire
|
loop
|
|
|
Yellow
|
CSF Xantho-chromia
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
|
|
Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
|
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
|
for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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for
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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for
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Treatment
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Most
|
common/important
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
|
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
|
|
|
Achilles tendon xanthoma
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia ( .l. LDL receptor signaling)
|
|
|
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
|
|
|
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aort á c dissection, hyperflexible joints
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
|
|
|
Athlete with polycythemia .
|
Erythropoietin injection
|
|
|
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
|
|
|
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
|
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
|
|
|
Blue sclera
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
|
|
|
Bluish line on gingiva
|
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
|
|
|
B one pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
|
Paget's disease of bone (1' osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
|
|
|
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
|
Aortic regurgitation
|
|
|
Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus
|
|
|
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
|
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas) // Neurofibromatosis type II (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas)
|
|
|
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
|
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
|
|
|
Calf pseudohypertrophy
|
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's) : X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
|
|
|
Cherry-red spot on macula
|
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion //
|
|
|
Chest pain on exertion
|
Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
|
|
|
Chest pain, pericardia! effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
|
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
|
|
|
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
|
Cowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
|
|
|
Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
|
Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease : parvovirus B 19)
|
|
|
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
|
Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
|
|
|
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
|
McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
|
|
|
Cold intolerance
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
|
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis] , unilateral [stroke))
|
|
|
Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
|
PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
|
|
|
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
|
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves' disease I periorbital!)
|
|
|
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
|
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
|
|
|
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
|
Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
|
|
|
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
|
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
|
|
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
|
Wet beriberi (thiamine (vitamin B1] deficiency)
|
|
|
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
|
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
|
|
|
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
|
|
|
Dysphagia (esophageal webs) , glossitis, iron deficiency anem1a
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
|
|
|
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
|
|
|
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
|
Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
|
|
|
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
|
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
|
|
|
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
|
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
|
|
|
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
|
Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
|
|
|
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
|
|
|
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
|
Measles (Morbilli virus)
|
|
|
Fever, n ight sweats, weight loss
|
B symptoms (lymphoma)
|
|
|
F ibrous plagues in soft tissue of penis
|
Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
|
|
|
Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
|
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
|
|
|
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
|
Kayser-F leischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
|
|
|
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; i cancer risk)
|
|
|
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
|
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
|
Alport syndrome (mutation in a chain of collagen IV)
|
|
|
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
|
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
|
|
|
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
|
KlLiver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
|
|
|
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
|
UMN damage
|
|
|
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
|
Conn's syndrome
|
|
|
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
|
LMN damage
|
|
|
Hypoxem ia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
|
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
|
|
|
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
|
Nonpainful: chancre (l o syphilis, Treponema pallidum) //Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
|
|
|
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
|
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
|
|
|
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
|
Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
|
|
|
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
|
Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
|
|
|
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
|
Squamous Cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
|
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
|
|
|
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
|
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)_
|
|
|
Male child, recurrent i nfections, no mature B cells
|
Bruton's disease X-linked agammaglobulinnemia)
|
|
|
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gpllb/Illa)
|
|
|
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth
|
Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
|
|
|
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
|
Pompe's disease (lysosomal a-1 ,4-glucosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes (a-n_ti--b-ase-ment- memb-rane antibodies) - --
|
|
|
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
|
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6) brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
|
|
|
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
|
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
|
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or I intracranial pressure)
|
|
|
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
|
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
|
|
|
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
|
Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
|
|
|
Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
|
Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
|
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
Painless jaundice
|
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
|
|
|
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
|
|
|
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
|
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
|
|
|
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
|
Pink puffer (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking] , panacinar [ a1 antitrypsin deficiency])
|
|
|
Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
|
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
|
|
|
Positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
ACL injury
|
|
|
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
|
|
|
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
|
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
|
|
|
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/ upper respiratory infection)
|
Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyel i nating polyneuropathy)
|
|
|
Rash on palms and soles
|
Coxsackie A, zo syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
|
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
|
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
|
|
|
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
|
Klebsiella pnewnoniae
|
|
|
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
|
Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
|
|
|
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
|
|
|
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
|
Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
|
|
|
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
|
Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
|
|
|
Severe jaundice in neonate
|
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
|
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
|
|
|
Short stature, i incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anem1a
|
Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
|
|
|
Single palm crease
|
Simian crease (Down syndrome)
|
|
|
S itus inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
|
Kartagener's syndrome ( dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
|
|
|
Skin hyperpigmentation
|
Addison's disease (l o adrenocortical insufficiency causes i ACTH and a-MSH production)
|
|
|
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
|
Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
|
|
|
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
|
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
|
|
|
Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
|
Condylomata lata (2¡ syphilis)
|
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
Bacterial endocarditis
|
|
|
Strawberry tongue
|
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
|
|
|
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
|
Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
|
|
|
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
|
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
|
|
|
Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
|
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for coll agen synthesis)
|
|
|
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
|
Osteoarthritis ( osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes] , DIP [Heberden's nodes])
|
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
|
|
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
|
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
|
|
|
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
|
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
|
|
|
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
|
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
|
|
|
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
|
Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
|
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
|
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
|
|
|
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
|
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
|
|
|
Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
|
|
|
Waxy casts with very low urine flow
|
Chronic end stage renal dise-ase
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
|
Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
|
|
|
Worst headache of my life
|
Subararchnoid hemorrhage
|
|
|
Anticentromere antibodies
|
Scleroderma (CREST)
|
|
|
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
|
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
|
|
|
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
|
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
|
|
|
Antihistone antibodies
|
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
|
|
|
Anti-lgG antibodies
|
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
|
|
|
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
|
biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
|
|
|
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
|
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
|
|
|
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs : anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
|
SLE (type Ill hypersensitivity)
|
|
|
Antiplatelet antibodies
|
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
|
|
|
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
|
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
|
|
|
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
|
Celiac disease (diarrhea, d istention, weight loss)
|
|
|
Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray
|
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
|
|
|
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
|
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
|
|
|
Bacitracin response
|
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
|
|
|
Bamboo spine on x-ray
|
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
|
|
|
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
|
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
|
|
|
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
|
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
|
|
|
Bloody tap on LP
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
|
Boot-shaped heart on x-ray
|
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
|
|
|
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
|
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
|
|
|
Brown tumor of bone
|
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: l. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
|
|
|
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
|
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
|
|
|
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
|
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Chocolate cyst of ovary
|
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
|
|
|
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
|
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
|
|
|
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
|
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
|
|
|
Decreased a-fetoprotei n in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
|
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
|
|
|
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
|
Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)
|
|
|
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
|
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
|
|
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
|
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
|
|
|
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
|
Cali-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
|
|
|
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
|
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
|
|
|
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
|
Owl's-eye appearance of CMV
|
|
|
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
|
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
|
|
|
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion i n liver cell
|
Mallory Bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
|
|
|
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
|
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
|
|
|
Eosinophilic globule in liver
|
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
|
|
|
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
|
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
|
|
|
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
|
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
|
|
|
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
|
Reed-Sternberg cells ( Hodgkin's lymphoma)
|
|
|
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
|
Schiller-Du-val bod-ie-s (yolk sa-c tumor-)
|
|
|
Hair-on-end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
|
B-tha-lassemi-a, sickle cell ane-mia (ma-rrow expansion)
|
|
|
hCG elevated
|
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
|
|
|
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
|
Asch-off bod ies- (rheumatic fever)
|
|
|
Heterophile antibodies
|
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
|
|
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
|
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
|
|
|
High level of D-dimers
|
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
|
|
|
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
|
Chon complex W TB : Mycobacterium bacilli)
|
|
|
Honeycomb lung on x-ray
|
Interstitial fibrosis
|
|
|
Hypersegmented neutrophils
|
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
|
|
|
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
|
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
|
|
|
Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
|
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
|
|
|
Increased uric acid levels
|
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
|
|
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
|
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
|
|
|
Iron-contai ning nodules in alveolar septum
|
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: t chance of mesothelioma)
|
|
|
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
|
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
|
|
|
Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray
|
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
|
|
|
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
|
Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
|
Low serum ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
|
|
|
Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
|
|
|
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
Mammary gland ("blue-domed ") cyst
|
Fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
|
Monoclonal antibody spike
|
l. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein ; usually IgG or IgA) 2 . Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis
|
|
|
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
|
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (lgM)
|
|
|
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
|
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
|
|
|
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
|
String sign (Crohn's disease)
|
|
|
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
|
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
|
|
|
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
|
|
|
Novobiocin response
|
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
Nutmeg appearance of liver
|
Chronic passive congestion of liver clue to right heart failure
|
|
|
Onion-skin periosteal reaction
|
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
|
|
|
Optochin response
|
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
|
|
|
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
|
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
|
|
|
Podocyte fusion on EM
|
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
|
|
|
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
|
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
|
|
|
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
|
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
|
|
|
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
Acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
|
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
|
|
|
Renal epithelial casts in urine
|
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
|
|
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
|
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
|
|
|
Rib notching
|
Coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ( "starry sky" appearance on histology)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8: 14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
|
|
|
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
|
Pick bodies ( Pick's disease : progressive dementia, changes in personality)
|
|
|
Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
|
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
|
|
|
Spikes on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
|
|
|
Stacks of red blood cells
|
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
|
|
|
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
|
Clue cells ( Gardnerella vagina lis)
|
|
|
Tennis-racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
|
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
|
Thrombi made of white/red layers
|
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
|
|
|
'Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
|
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
|
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
|
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
|
Tram-track appearance on LM
|
M-embranop-roliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
|
Fatt-y liver d-isease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
|
|
|
WBCs that look "smudged"
|
CLL -(alm-ost always B cell; affects the elderly)
|
|
|
Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
Yellow CSF
|
Xantho-chromia (previous -s-ubarachnoid hemorrhage)
|
|
|
Treatment for Absence seizures
|
Ethosuximide
|
|
|
Treatment for Acute gout attack
|
NSAIDs, colchicine
|
|
|
Treatment for Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
|
All-trans retinoic acid
|
|
|
Treatment for ADHD
|
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
|
|
|
Treatment for Alcohol abuse
|
AA +disulfiram for patient and Al-Anon for family
|
|
|
Treatment for Alcohol withdrawal
|
Benzodiazepines
|
|
|
Treatment for Anorexia
|
SSRis
|
|
|
Treatment for Anticoagulation during pregnancy
|
Heparin
|
|
|
Treatment for Anxiety
|
Buspirone
|
|
|
Treatment for Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
|
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
|
|
|
Treatment for B12 deficiency
|
B12
|
|
|
Treatment for Benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
Tamsulosin, finasteride
|
|
|
Treatment for Bipolar disorder
|
Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)
|
|
|
Treatment for Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
|
Aromatase inh ibitor
|
|
|
Treatment for Buerger's disease
|
Smoking cessation
|
|
|
Treatment for Bulimia
|
SSRis
|
|
|
Treatment for Candida albicans
|
Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)
|
|
|
Treatment for Carcinoid syndrome
|
Octreotide
|
|
|
Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis
|
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
|
|
|
Treatment for Chronic gout
|
Probenecid (underexcretor) , allopurinol (overproducer)
|
|
|
Treatment for Chronic hepatitis
|
IFN-a
|
|
|
Treatment for Chronic myelogenous leukemia
|
Imatinib
|
|
|
Treatment for Clostridium botulinum
|
Antitoxin
|
|
|
Treatment for Clostridium difficile
|
Oral metronidazole
|
|
|
Treatment for Clostridium tetani
|
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
|
|
|
Treatment for Crohn's disease
|
Corticosteroids, i nfliximab
|
|
|
Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans
|
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
|
|
|
Treatment for Cystic fibrosis
|
N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/ azithromycin)
|
|
|
Treatment for Cytomegalovirus
|
Ganciclovir
|
|
|
Treatment for Depression
|
SSRis (first-line)
|
|
|
Treatment for Diabetes insipidus
|
Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogen ic)
|
|
|
Treatment for D iabetes mellitus type 1
|
Dietary intervention (low-sugar)+ insulin replacement
|
|
|
Treatment for Diabetes mellitus type 2
|
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemic, and insulin (possible)
|
|
|
Treatment for Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Fluids, insulin, K+
|
|
|
Treatment for Enterococci
|
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
|
|
|
Treatment for Erectile dysfunction
|
Sildenafil
|
|
|
Treatment for ER-positive breast cancer
|
Tamoxifen
|
|
|
Treatment for Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
|
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
|
|
|
Treatment for Folate deficiency
|
Folate
|
|
|
Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae (B)
|
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
|
|
|
Treatment for Hemorrhagic cystitis
|
Mesna
|
|
|
Treatment for Heparin toxicity (acute)
|
Protamine sulfate
|
|
|
Treatment for HER2/neu-positive breast cancer
|
Trastuzumab
|
|
|
Treatment for Hyperaldosteronism
|
Spironolactone
|
|
|
Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia
|
Statin (first-line)
|
|
|
Treatment for Hypertriglyceridemia
|
Fibrate
|
|
|
Treatment for Immediate anticoagulation
|
Heparin
|
|
|
Treatment for Infertility
|
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)
|
|
|
Treatment for Influenza
|
Amantadine/rimantadine
|
|
|
Treatment for Legionella pneumophila
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
Treatment for Long-term anticoagulation
|
Warfarin
|
|
|
Treatment for Malaria
|
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
|
|
|
Treatment for Malignant hyperthermia
|
Dantrolene
|
|
|
Treatment for Medical abortion
|
Mifepristone
|
|
|
Treatment for Migraine
|
Sumatriptan
|
|
|
Treatment for MRSA
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
Treatment for Multiple sclerosis
|
beta-interferon
|
|
|
Treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
RIPES (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin)
|
|
|
Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
|
|
|
Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis
|
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
|
|
|
Treatment for Neural tube defect prevention
|
Folate
|
|
|
Treatment for Osteomalacia/rickets
|
Vitamin D supplementation
|
|
|
Treatment for Patent ductus arteriosus
|
Indomethacin
|
|
|
Treatment for Pheochromocytoma
|
a-antagonists
|
|
|
Treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci
|
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
|
|
|
Treatment for Prolactinoma
|
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
|
|
|
Treatment for Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
|
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
|
|
|
Treatment for Prostate carcinoma
|
Flutamide
|
|
|
Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
|
|
|
Treatment for Pulmonary hypertension
|
Bosentan
|
|
|
Treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii
|
Tetracycline, chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)
|
|
|
Treatment for Ringworm infections
|
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
|
|
|
Treatment for Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
|
5 -HT2A antagonists (e.g., olanzapine)
|
|
|
Treatment for Schizophren ia (positive symptoms)
|
D2 receptor antagonists
|
|
|
Treatment for SIADH
|
Demeclocycline, lithium
|
|
|
Treatment for Sickle cell anemia
|
Hydroxyurea (t HbF )
|
|
|
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
|
Oral KI
|
|
|
Treatment for Stable angina
|
Sublingual nitroglycerin
|
|
|
Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus
|
Methicillin/naficillin
|
|
|
Treatment for Streptococcus bovis
|
Penicillin prophylaxis
|
|
|
Treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
|
|
|
Treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes
|
Penicillin prophylaxis
|
|
|
Treatment for Temporal arteritis
|
High-dose steroids
|
|
|
Treatment for Tonic-clonic seizures
|
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
|
|
|
Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii
|
Sulfonamide + pyrimethamine
|
|
|
Treatment for Treponema pallidum
|
Penicillin
|
|
|
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
|
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
|
|
|
Treatment for Ulcerative colitis
|
5-ASA, infliximab
|
|
|
Treatment for UTI prophylaxis
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
|
Treatment for Warfarin toxicity
|
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
|
|
|
Treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis
|
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Actinic (solar) keratosis
|
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
|
Cushing's ulcer (t ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
|
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Aneurysm, dissecting
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Aortic aneurysm, ascending
|
Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
|
Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
|
Sickle cell anemia ( HbS)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
|
H. pylori
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
|
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Benign melanocytic nevus
|
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency
|
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to vonWillebrand's factor)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Brain tumor (adults)
|
Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) >meningioma> schwannoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Brain tumor (kids)
|
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial : craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Breast cancer
|
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, l in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Breast mass
|
1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Breast tumor (benign)
|
Fibroadenoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cardiac l o tumor (kids)
|
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cardiac manifestation of lupus
|
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cardiac tumor (adults)
|
1. Metastasis 2 . 1¡ myxoma (4:lleft to right atrium; "ball and valve")
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
|
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Chronic arrhythmia
|
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
|
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
|
DES exposure in utero
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Compression fracture
|
Osteoporosis (type I : postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
|
2 1-hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Congenital cardiac anomaly
|
VSD
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Constrictive pericarditis
|
Tuberculosis (developing world) ; systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
|
LAD > RCA > LCA
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cretinism
|
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cushing's syndrome
|
l. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary 3. Small cell lung carcinoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cyanosis (early; less common)
|
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Cyanosis (late; more common)
|
VSD, ASD, PDA
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Death in CML
|
Blast crisis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Death i n SLE
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Dementia
|
l. Alzheimer's disease 2. Multiple infarcts
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Demyelinating disease in young women
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of DIC
|
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Dietary deficit
|
Iron
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Diverticulum in pharynx
|
Zenker's d iverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Ejection click
|
Aortic /pulmonic stenosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Esophageal cancer
|
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide) ; adenocarcinoma (U. S.)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
|
S. aureus, B. cereus
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Glomerulonephritis (adults)
|
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Gynecologic malignancy
|
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U. S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Heart murmur, congenital
|
Mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
|
Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid ( IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Helminth infection (U.S.)
|
l. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hematoma- epidural
|
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hematoma-subdural
|
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hemochromatosis
|
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and i risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hereditary bleeding disorder
|
von Willebrand's disease
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hereditary harmless jaundice
|
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of HLA-B27
|
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psonas1s
|
|
|
Most common/important association of HLA-DR3 or -DR4
|
Diabetes mellitus type l, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Holosystolic murmur
|
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
|
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hypertension, 2¡
|
Renal disease
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hypoparathyroidism
|
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Hypopituitarism
|
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Infection 2¡ to blood transfusion
|
Hepatitis C
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
|
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Kidney stones
|
l. Calcium = radiopaque // 2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) // 3. Uric acid = radiolucent
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L -> R becomes R -> L)
|
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Liver disease
|
Alcoholic cirrhosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Lysosomal storage disease
|
Gaucher's disease
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Male cancer
|
Prostatic carcinoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Malignant skin tumor
|
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Mental retardation
|
l. Down syndrome // 2. Fragile X syndrome
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Metastases to bone
|
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Metastases to brain
|
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma) , kidney (renal cell carcinoma) , GI
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Metastases to liver
|
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Mitochondrial inheritance
|
Disease occurs in both males and fem ales, inherited through females only
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Mitral valve stenosis
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
|
ALS
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Myocarditis
|
Coxsackie B
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Neoplasm (kids)
|
l. ALL 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
|
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
|
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/ vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Neuron m igration failure
|
Kallmann syndrome
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Nosocomial pneumonia
|
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Obstruction of male urinary tract
|
BPH
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Opening snap
|
Mitral stenosis
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
|
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
|
Serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Ovarian tumor (malignant)
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Most common/important association of Pancreatitis (acute)
|
Gallstones, alcohol
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Most common/important association of Pancreatitis (chronic)
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Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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Most common/important association of Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
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ALL: child, CLL: adult> 60, AML: adult - 60, CML: adult 30-60
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Most common/important association of Pelvic inflammatory disease
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Most common/important association of Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
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CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
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Most common/important association of Pituitary tumor
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I. Prolactinoma 2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
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Most common/important association of Primary amenorrhea
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Turner syndrome (45XO)
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Most common/important association of Primary bone tumor (adults)
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Multiple myeloma
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Most common/important association of Primary hyperaldosteronism
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Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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Most common/important association of Primary hyperparathyroidism
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l. Adenomas 2. Hyperplasia 3. Carcinoma
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Most common/important association of Primary liver cancer
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a-l antitrypsin)
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Most common/important association of Pulmonary hypertension
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COPD
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Most common/important association of Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
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Most common/important association of Renal tumor
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Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Most common/important association of Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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Cor pulmonale
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Most common/important association of S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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i ventricular filling (L -7 R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
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Most common/important association of S4 (presystolic gallop)
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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Most common/important association of Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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Most common/important association of Sexually transmitted disease
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Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
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Most common/important association of SIADH
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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Most common/important association of Site of diverticula
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Sigmoid colon
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Most common/important association of Sites of atherosclerosis
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Abdominal aorta > coronary> popliteal > carotid
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Most common/important association of Stomach cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Most common/important association of Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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Most common/important association of t( l4; l 8 )
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Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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Most common/important association of t(8; 14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma ( c-myc activation)
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Most common/important association of t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
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Most common/important association of Temporal arteritis
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Risk of ipsilateral blindness clue to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
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Most common/important association of Testicular tumor
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Seminoma
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Most common/important association of Thyroid cancer
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Papillary carcinoma
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Most common/important association of Tumor in women
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Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
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Most common/important association of Tumor of infancy
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Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
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Most common/important association of Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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Most common/important association of Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
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Neuroblastoma (malignant)
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Most common/important association of Type of Hodgkin's
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Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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Most common/important association of Type of non-Hodgkin's
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Diffuse large cell
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Most common/important association of UTI
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E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
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Most common/important association of Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
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HSV-l
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Most common/important association of Vitamin deficiency (U. S .)
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Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
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