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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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RESPIRATORY PHARM
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What are the clinical uses of the H1 blockers?
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allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
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Name the H1 blockers. (3 1st generation and 3 2nd generation).
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1st = diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine. 2nd = loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine
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The side effects of H1 blockers?
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sedation, animuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic. 2nd gen far less sedating.
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What classes of drugs are used to treat asthma?
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B-agonists, B2-agonists, methylxanthines, muscarinic antagonists, cromolyn, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes
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Name the nonspecific B-agonist that causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and tachycardia.
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Isoproterenol
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Name the B2 agonist used during acute asthma exacerbations.
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Albuterol
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What is Salmeterol used for?
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long-acting B2-agonist used for prophylaxis
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What is the MOA of Theophylline (a methylxanthine)?
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causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and decreasing cAMP hydrolysis.
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Adverse effects of Theophylline?
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Narrow therapeautic index! Limited use! Cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity
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Which class of drugs does Ipratropium belong to?
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Muscarinic antagonists
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What is the MOA of Cromolyn and what is its clinical use?
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prevents degranulation of mast cells; therefore only effective for prophylaxis and not during and asthma attack.
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What is 1st line therapy for chronic asthma?
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corticosteroids (beclomethasone and prednisone)
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What is the MOA of beclomethasone?
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inhibit cytokine synthesis. Inactivate NF-kappaB, the tf that induces TNF-alpha
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What is the MOA of Zileuton?
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5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
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What are Zafirlukast and montelukast especially good at treating? (MOA?)
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aspirin-induced asthma; b/c they block leukotriene receptors
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None
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Do expectorants (Guaifenesin) suppress the cough reflex?
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No, they only remove excess sputum
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What is N-acetylcystine?
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a mucolytic that can loosen mucus plugs in CF patients
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