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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical use of Benztropine?
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Parkinson's disease
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Clinical application of Scopolamine?
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Motion sickness
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Clinical use of Ipratropium?
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Asthma, COPD
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Clinical use of Methscopolamine, oxybutin, or glycopyrrolate?
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Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
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Epinephrine is what type of glacoma drug? MOA? side effects?
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alpha agonist
increases outflow of aqueous humor mydriasis, stinging - do not use in closed angle glaucoma |
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Brimonidine is what type of glacoma drug? MOA? side effects?
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alpha agonist
decreases aq humor synthesis no pupillary or vision changes |
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Timolol, Betaxolol, carteolol arewhat type of glacoma drugs? MOA? side effects?
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beta-blockers
decrease aq humor secretion no pupillary or vision changes |
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Acetazolamide is what type of glacoma drug? MOA? side effects?
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diuretic
decrease aq humor secretion due to decrease HCO3 no pupillary or vision changes |
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Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate are what type of glacoma drugs? MOA? side effects?
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cholinomimetics
increase outflow of aq humor, contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular network Miosis, cyclospasm |
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Latanoprost is what type of glacoma drug? MOA? side effects?
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Prostaglandin
increases outflow of aq humor darkens color of the iris (browning) |
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Which glaucoma drug is used in emergencies? type? side effects?
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Pilocarpine because it is effective at opening the canal of Schlemm
cholinomimetic miosis and cyclospasm |
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Atropine is a __?
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Muscarinic antagonist
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Atropine blocks what effects?
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Blocks SLUD
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation |
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What are the side effects and toxicity of atropine?
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Side effects: increased temp, rapid pulse,dry mouth and skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
hot as a hare dry as a bone red as a beet blind as a bat mad as a hatter |
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What is the clinical use of Hexamethonium?
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It is a ganglionic blocker, used to prevent vagal reflex response to changes in BP, prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE
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MOA of Hexamethonium?
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Nicotinic Ach receptor antagonist
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Epinephrine is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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A1, A2, B1, B2
Anaphlaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension |
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NE is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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A1, A2 > B1
Hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion) |
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Isoproterenol is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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B1 = B2
AV block (rare) |
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Dopamine is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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D1 = D2>b>a
shock (increase renal perfusion), heart failure |
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Dobutamine is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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B1>B2
Shock, heart failure, cardiac stress testing |
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Amphetamine has what MOA? for what applications is it used?
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indirect general agonist, sympathomimetic, releases stored catecholamines
narcolepsy, obesity, attention deficit disorder |
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Ephedrine has what MOA? for what applications is it used?
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indirect general agonist, sympathomimetic, releases stored catecholamines
Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
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Phenylephrine is selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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a1>a2
pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion |
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Albuterol and terbutaline are selective for what receptors? for what applications is it used?
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B2>B1
Asthma |
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Cocaine has what MOA? for what applications is it used?
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it is an indirect general agonist and an uptake inhibitor
Used for vasoconstriction and local anesthesia |
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Clonidine and a-methyldopa have what MOA? for what applications is it used?
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centrally acting a-agonist, decrease central adrenergic outflow
HT, especially with renal disease (no decrease in blood flow to kidneys) |
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Name two nonselective a-blockers. Their application and toxicity?
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Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible) and Phentolamine (rev)
used for Pheochromocytoma tox-orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia |
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Name three a1 selective a-blockers. Their application and toxicity?
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Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
for HT and urinary retention in BPH tox- 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
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Name an a2 selective a-blocker. and its application and toxicity?
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Mirtazapine
for depression tox- sedation, increased serum cholesterol, and increased appetite |
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List some applications for the use of beta blockers.
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Hypertension by decreasing CO and renin secretion
Angina pectoris by decreasing HR and contractility MI SVT (propranolol and esmolol) by decreasing AV conduction CHF Glacoma (timolo) decreasing secretion of aqueous humor |
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What are the toxicities of beta blockers?
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Impotence
Exacerbation of asthma cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF) CNS adverse effects (sedation, sleep alterations) use with caution in diabetics -may mask hypoglycemia |
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Name a few nonselective beta blockers?
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propranolol, timolol, nadolol,
pindolol and labetalol (partial agonists) |
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Which beta blockers are B1 selective?
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A BEAM of B1 blockers
Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol (short acting) Atenolol Metoprolol |
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What is the antidote or treatment for acetaminophen toxicity?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What is the antidote or treatment for salicylates toxicity?
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Alkalinize the urine and dialysis
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What is the antidote or treatment for anticholinesterases or organophosphate toxicity?
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Atropine, pralidoxime
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What is the antidote or treatment for antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agent toxicity?
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Physostigmine salicylate
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What is the antidote or treatment for beta-blocker toxicity?
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Glucagon
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What is the antidote or treatment for digitalis toxicity?
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Stop dig, normalize K, lidocaine, anti-digitalis Fab fragments, Mg
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What is the antidote or treatment for Iron toxicity?
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Deferoxamine
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What is the antidote or treatment for lead toxicity?
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CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
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What is the antidote or treatment for arsenic, mercury, or gold toxicity?
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Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
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What is the antidote or treatment for copper, arsenic or gold toxicity?
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Penicillamine
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What is the antidote or treatment for cyanide toxicity?
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nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
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What is the antidote or treatment for methemoglobin toxicity?
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methylene blue
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What is the antidote or treatment for CO toxicity?
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100% O2, hyperbaric O2
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What is the antidote or treatment for methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) toxicity?
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Ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole
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What is the antidote or treatment for opioid toxicity?
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Naloxone/naltrexone
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What is the antidote or treatment for benzodiazepine toxicity?
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Flumazenil
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What is the antidote or treatment for TCAs toxicity?
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NaHCO3
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What is the antidote or treatment for Heparin toxicity?
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Protamine
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What is the antidote or treatment for Warfarin toxicity?
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Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma
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What is the antidote or treatment for tPA, streptokinase toxicity?
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Aminocaproic acid
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What are the signs of lead poisoning?
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LEAD
Lead lines on gingivae and epiphyses of long bones Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia Drops- wrist and foot drops |
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What is the first line of treatment for lead poisoning?
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Dimercaprol and EDTA
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What is the treatment of lead poisoning in children?
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Succimer
It "sucks" to be a kid who eats lead paint. |
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What drugs cause atropine-like side effects?
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Tricyclics
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What drugs cause cardiac toxicity?
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Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
daunorubicin |
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What drug causes coronary vasospasm?
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Cocaine
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What drugs cause cutaneous flushing?
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Niacin
Ca channel blockers adenosine vancomycin |
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What drugs cause Torsades des pointes?
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Class III (sotalol) and Class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics
Cisapride |
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What drugs cause agranulocytosis?
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Clozapine
carbamazepine colchicine |
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What drugs cause aplastic anemia?
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Chloramphenicol
benzene NSAIDs |
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What drug causes grey baby syndrome?
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Chloramphenicol
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What drugs cause hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients?
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Sulfonamides
Isoniazid (INH) Aspirin Ibuprofen Primaquine Nitrofurantoin |
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What drugs cause thrombotic complications?
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OCPs (estrogens and progestins)
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What drugs cause cough?
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ACE inhibitors (so use losartan an ARB no cough)
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What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?
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Bleomycin
amiodarone busulfan |
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What drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatitis?
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Macrolides
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What drugs cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?
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Halothane
valproic acid acetaminophen Amanita phalloides |
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What drugs cause hepatitis?
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Isoniazid (INH)
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What drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?
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Clindamycin
Ampicillin |
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What drugs cause adrenocortical insufficiency?
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Glucocorticoid withdrawal (HPA supression)
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What drugs cause Gynecomastia?
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Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone Digitalis Cimetidine chronic Alcohol use estrogens Ketoconazole |
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What drug causes hot flashes?
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Tamoxifen
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What drug causes gingival hyperplasia?
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Phenytoin
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What drugs cause osteoporosis?
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corticosteriods
heparin |
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What drugs cause photosensitivity?
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(SAT for a photo)
Sulfonamides Amiodarone Tetracycline |
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What drugs cause SLE like syndrome?
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(it's not HIPP to have lupus)
Hydralazine Isoniazid (INH) Procainamide Phenytoin |
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What drugs cause tendonitis, tendon rupture and cartilage damage in kids?
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Fluoroquinolones
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What drug causes Fanconi's syndrome?
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expired teracycline
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What drug causes interstitial nephritis?
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Methicillin
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What drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
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cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide |
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What drugs cause cinchonism?
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quinidine
quinine |
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What drugs cause diabetes insipidus?
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Lithium
demeclocycline |
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What drugs cause seizures?
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Bupropion
Imipenem/cilastatin |
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What drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
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Antipsychotics
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What drugs cause disulfiram-like reaction?
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Metronidazole
certain cephalosporins procarbazine sulfonylureas |
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What drugs cause nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity?
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Polymyxins
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What drugs cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity?
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Aminoglycosides
loop diuretics cisplatin |
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What drugs cause induction of the P 450 system?
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(Queen Barb takes Straight Phen-phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs)
Quinidine (induces CYP3A4 really more of an inhibitor) Barbiturates St. John's wort Phenytoin Rifampin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine |
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What drugs cause inhibition of the P 450 system?
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(Queen Inhibitors Stop Cyber-Kids from Eating Grapefruit)
Quinidine (inhibits CYP2D6) Isoniazid Sulfonamides Cimetidine Ketoconazole Erythromycin Grapefruit juice |
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What enzyme is inhibited by Disulfiram?
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Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
which is involved in Ethanol metabolism Acetaldehyde to Acetic acid |
