First Aid Pathology

Front 1

What are the two extrinsic apoptotic pathways?

Back 1

CD95 binds to Fas-ligand

Granzyme B and perforin from cytotoxic T cells

Front 2

Bax is ____-apoptotic and Bcl-2 is ____-apoptotic

Back 2

Bax = pro-apoptotic

Bcl-2 = anti-apoptotic

Front 3

In what organ does fatty necrosis occur?

Back 3

pancreas

Front 4

in what organs does coagulative necrosis occur?

Back 4

heart, liver and kidney

Front 5

what are the two types and causes of gangrenous necrosis?

Back 5

dry (ischemic) wet (bacteria)

Front 6

What are the two main watershed areas, prone to hypoxia?

Back 6

Splenic flexure, ACA/MCA

Front 7

What tissue of the heart is prone to hypoxia?

Back 7

subendocardial tissue

Front 8

Which two parts of the nephron are most prone to hypoxia?

Back 8

Proximal tubule and thick ascending limb

Front 9

What three organs are likely to see red infarcts?

Back 9

liver, lungs intestines

Front 10

Which proteins are responsible for the tight binding of PMNs on the endothelium?

Back 10

ICAM-1 (vascular) and LFA-1 (leukocyte)

Front 11

Which collagen replaces which collagen in the remodeling phase of wound healing?

Back 11

Type I replaces Type III (Type Three = Temporary)

Front 12

Which cytokine released by macrophages induces and maintains granuloma formation?

Back 12

TNF-alpha

Front 13

What causes increased ESR?

Back 13

inflammation, infection, cancer, preggo, SLE

Front 14

what are the three main causes of decreased ESR?

Back 14

Sickle cell, polycythemia, CHF

Front 15

What causes apple-green birefringence under congo red stain?

Back 15

Beta-pleated sheet deposition --> amyloidosis

Front 16

What are the three reversible "plasias"?

Back 16

Hyperplasia, Metaplasia and Dysplasia

Front 17

Does stage or grade have more prognostic value for cancer?

Back 17

stage (size, nodal involvement/mets)

Front 18

Which 3 cytokines mediate cachexia?

Back 18

TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6

Front 19

What 2 neoplasms are a/w Down syndrome?

Back 19

ALL, AML

Front 20

What disease condition is associated with Astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma and cardiac rhabdomyoma?

Back 20

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 21

What neoplasm is associated with Actinic keratosis?

Back 21

Squamous cell ca of skin

Front 22

Which neoplasm is a/w Barret's esophagus?

Back 22

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Front 23

Which neoplasm is a/w Plummer-Vinson syndrome?

Back 23

Squamous cell ca of esophagus

Front 24

Which neoplasm is a/w autoimmune diseases?

Back 24

Lymphomas

Front 25

What disease condition is a/w visceral malignancy?

Back 25

Acanthosis nigricans

Front 26

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w CML?

Back 26

oncogene - abl

Front 27

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w Burkitt's lymphoma?

Back 27

oncogene - c-myc

Front 28

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas?

Back 28

oncogene - bcl-2

Front 29

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w breast AND ovarian ca?

Back 29

oncogene - erb-B2

tumor suppressor - BRCA1

Front 30

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w colon cancer?

Back 30

oncogene - ras

tumor suppressor - APC, DCC

Front 31

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w lung tumor?

Back 31

oncogene - L-myc

Front 32

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w neuroblastoma?

Back 32

oncogene - N-myc

Front 33

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w MEN II?

Back 33

oncogene - ret

Front 34

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w gastrointestinal stromal tumor?

Back 34

oncogene - c-kit

Front 35

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w most human cancers?

Back 35

tumor suppressor - p53

Front 36

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w melanoma?

Back 36

tumor suppressor - p16

Front 37

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w Wilm's tumor?

Back 37

tumor suppressor - WT1

Front 38

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w neurofibomatosis?

Back 38

tumor suppressors - NF1 and NF2

Front 39

Which oncogene/tumor suppressor is a/w pancreatic cancer?

Back 39

tumor suppressor - DPC

Front 40

Which nonspecific antigen is produced by 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers?

Back 40

CEA

Front 41

Which tumor marker is classic of hepatocellular carcinomas?

Back 41

alpha-fetoprotein

Front 42

Which tumor marker is indicative of ovarian and malignant epithelial tumors?

Back 42

CA-125

Front 43

Which tumor marker is specific to metastases to the bone, obstructive biliary disease and Paget's?

Back 43

Alkaline phosphatase

Front 44

Which tumor marker is specific to Hairy cell leukemia?

Back 44

TRAP

Front 45

Which tumor marker is indicative of pnacreatic adenocarcinoma?

Back 45

CA-19-9

Front 46

Which tumor marker is indicative of thyroid medullary carcinoma?

Back 46

calcitonin

Front 47

What organ is affected by carcinogenic effects of aniline dyes?

Back 47

bladder

Front 48

From which three organs is a brain met most likely?

Back 48

lung > breast > kidney

Front 49

From which three organs is a liver met most likely?

Back 49

colon > stomach > pancreas

Front 50

Which organ is likely to receive mets from breast/prostate > lung > thyroid/testes

Back 50

bone