Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Guillan Barre
-features? -course? -tx? |
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
inflammation/demyelination of peripheral nerves & motor fibers of ventral roots -symmetric ascending mm weakness, begining distal LE -50% have facial paralysis -autonomic function may be severely affected (cardiac, hyper or hypo-tension) almost all patients survive, majority recover after weeks to months -respiratory support is critical until recovery -additional tx: plasmapheresis, IV immune globulins |
|
|
Charcot-Marie-Tooth dz?
|
hereditary motor & sensory neuropathy (HMSN)
group of progressive, hereditary nerve disorders -defective production of prtns involved in structure & fxn of peripheral nerves or myelin sheath |
|
|
seizures involving 1 area of the brain? MC arise from? other features?
|
partial seizures
MC originate in medial temporal lobe preceded by seizure aura, can secondarily generalize |
|
|
seizure preceded by aura?
|
partial seizure
|
|
|
simple vs complex seizure?
|
simple = conciousness intact
partial = impaired conciousness both are partial seizures |
|
|
seizure - quick repetitive jerks?
|
myoclonic
generalized seizure (diffuse) |
|
|
seizure - "blank stare"?
|
absent seizure
generalized seizure "petit mal, 3 hz, no postictal confusion" |
|
|
seizure - alternating stiffening and movement?
|
Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
Generalized seizure |
|
|
seizure - stiffening?
|
Tonic
generalized |
|
|
seizure - falls to floor?
|
atonic ("drop" seizures)
-commonly mistaken for fainting |
|
|
do febrile seizures qualify as epilepsy?
|
no, epilepsy is disorder of recurrent seizures
|
|
|
MCC seizure in children?
|
genetic
infection (febrile) trauma congenital metabolic |
|
|
MCC seizure in adults?
|
tumors
trauma stroke infection |
|
|
MCC seizures in elderly?
|
stroke
tumor trauma metabolic infection |
|
|
Migraine
-lateral? -caused by? -tx? |
unilateral
caused by - irritation of CN V & release of substance P, CGRP, vasoactive peptides tx: propranolol, NSAIDs, sumatriptan |
|
|
Tension headache?
-lateral? -duration? |
bilateral
> 30 minutes of steady pain *not aggravated by light or noise *no aura |
|
|
unilateral, repetitive brief headaches, periorbital pain w/ipsilateral lacrimation, rhinorrhea, Horner's syndrome
|
Cluster headache
more common in males tx: inhaled O2, sumatriptan |
|
|
definition of vertigo?
|
illusion of movement
|
|
|
peripheral vertigo?
|
more common
inner ear etiology (semicircular canal debris, vestibular nerve infection, Meniere's dz) positional testing --> delayed horizontal nystagmus |
|
|
central vertigo?
|
brain stem or cerebellar lesion
(less common than peripheral) eg: vestibular nuclei, posterior fossa tumor Positional testing --> immediate nystagmus in any direction; may change direction |
|
|
difference between peirpheral & central vertigo on positional testing?
|
peripheral - delayed horizontal nystagmus
central - immediate nystagmus in any direction; may change directions |
|
|
congenital port-wine stains (aka nevus flammeus) in V1 distribution?
|
Sturge-Weber
-ipsilateral leptomeningial angiomas -pheochromocytomas can cause: -glaucoma, seizures, hemiparesis, mental retardation |
|
|
Tuberous Sclerosis?
|
HAMARTOMAS
Hamartomas in CNS & skin Adenoma sebaceum (cutaneous angiofibromas) M... Ash-leaf spots cardiac Rhabdomyoma Tuberous sclerosis auOsomal dominant Mental retardation renal Angiomyolipoma Seizures |
|
|
cafe-au-lai spots, lisch nodules (pigmented iris hamartomas), optic gliomas, pheocrhromocytomas?
|
Neurofibromatosis type I
(von Recklinghausen's dz) autosomal dominant, 100% penetrant variable expression mutated NF-1 on chromosome 17 |
|
|
cavernous hemangiomas in: skin, mucosa, organs
bilateral renal cell carcinoma hemangioblastoma in retina, brain stem, cerebellum pheochromocytomas |
von Hippel-Lindau dz
autosomal dominant mutated tumor suppressor VHL on chromosome 3 |
|
|
sellar tumors that can cause optic chiasm compression?
|
pituitary adenoma
chranopharyngioma |
|
|
prognosis for GBM?
|
poor, grade IV astrocytoma, < 1 year life expectancy
|
|
|
where are schwannoma's typically found?
|
cerebellopontine angle
|
|
|
Rosenthal fibers?
|
eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers
Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma in children, most often in posterior fossa GFAP benign, good prognosis cystic + solid (gross examination) |
|
|
Rosettes or perivascular pseudorosette pattern?
|
Medulloblastoma
highly malignant radiosensitive |
|
|
Perivascular pseudorosettes?
|
Ependymoma
poor prognosis ependymal cell tumor lining ventricles, most commonly 4th |
|
|
2ndary polycythemia & brain tumor?
|
hemangioblastoma
can produce EPO --> 2ndary polycythemia "foamy cells & high vascularity" associated w/von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome when found w/retinal angiomas |
|
|
MCC of supratentorial tumor in childhood?
|
Craniopharyngioma
|
|
|
ring enhancing brain lesion?
|
metastases (lung > breast > melanoma > kidney > GI)
abscess toxoplasmosis primary CNS lymphoma (AIDS, EBV) |
|
|
uniformly enhancing brain lesion?
|
metastatic lymphoma (often B-cell non-Hodgkin's)
meningioma metastases (usually ring enhancing) |
|
|
heterogenously enhancing brain lesion?
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
