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244 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the main gram negative cocci?
|
Neisseria
|
|
Name the seven major gram positive bac
|
Circular- staph, strep
Rods- clostridium, corynebacterium, bacillus, listeria and mycobacterium(acid fast) |
|
Name the two branching filamentous gram positives
|
Actinomyces, nocardia
|
|
what are the three major gram neg spirochetes?
|
Treponema, leptospira, borrelia
|
|
Which bac have membranes with high lipid content and mycolic acid?
|
Mycobacteria
|
|
What is the special stain for legionella?
|
Silver stain
|
|
Which stain is used for tropheryma whippelii
|
PAS
|
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Which stain is used for acid fast organisms?
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Ziehl-Neelsen
|
|
What special stain is used for cryptococcus neoformans?
|
India ink
|
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Which bac is grown on eosin methylene blue agar as blue black colonies?
|
E. coli
|
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Which organism is cultured on a charcoal yeast agar?
|
Legionella
|
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Which orgsnisms form pink ocolonies on macConkey's agar?
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Lactose fermenting enterics
|
|
What are the main obligate anaerobes?
|
"Nagging Pests Must Breathe"
Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus |
|
What are the three main obligste anaerobes?
|
"Cant Breath Air"
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces |
|
What are the two main intracellular bugs?
|
Rickettsia, Chlamydia
|
|
What are the eight main facultative anaerobes?
|
"Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY"
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis |
|
What are the six main examples of encapsulated bac?
|
SHiN SKiS
Strep. pneumo, H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, grp B Strep |
|
What are the five major catalase positive bugs?
|
S. aureus, Serratia, Pseudomas, Candida, E. coli
|
|
Why are conjugated vaccines superior to polysaccharide only vaccines?
|
Conjugated protein promotes T cell acitvation and class switching. Only IgM produced by polysaccharide vaccines
|
|
Is pneumovax conjugated?
|
Negatron
|
|
What are the six main urease positive bugs?
|
Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Klebsiella
|
|
What is the function of protein A and which organism produces it?
|
Binds Fc region of Ig--> prevention of opsonization and phagocytosis
Produced by S. aureus |
|
What is the function of IgA protease and which organisms produce it?
|
Enzyme that cleaves IgA --> colonization of respiratory mucosa
Produced by SHiN S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, Neisseria |
|
Which organism produces M protein?
|
Grp A Strep
|
|
What is the mode of action of endotoxins?
|
Induces TNF and IL-1 --> fever and shock
|
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Are endotoxins or exotoxins heat stable?
|
Endotoxins
|
|
Which bac produces shiga-like toxin?
|
EHEC (O157:H7)
|
|
What exotoxin is produced by Yersinia enterocolitica?
|
Heat-stable toxin (ST)
|
|
Which bac produces Exotoxin A?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Strep. pyogenes
|
|
Which exotoxin acts by preventing the release of GABA and glycine NTs in the spinal cord?
|
Tetanospasmin
|
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Which exotoxin overactivates cGMP --> decreased resorption of NaCl in the gut --> watery diarrhea
|
Heat stable toxin (ETEC and Yersinia enterocolitica)
|
|
What is the MOA of shiga and shiga-like toxin?
|
Inactivate 60S ribosome by cleaving rRNA --> HUS
|
|
Which bac produce toxic shock syndrome toxin?
|
S. aureus
|
|
What exotoxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens and what is its MOA?
|
Alpha toxin --> degrades tissues and cell membranes --> gas gangrene
|
|
Catalase positive, coagulase positive gram positive is what organism?
|
S. aureus
|
|
Which organisms are catalase negative and exhibit no hemolysis?
|
Enterococci
|
|
Which strains of strep are resistant/sensitive to optochin?
|
OVRPS
Viridans is resistant pneumoniae is sensitive |
|
Which strains of strep are bacitracin sensitive/resistant?
|
B-BRAS
Grp B is resistant, grp A is sensitive |
|
Which strains of Staph are novobiocin resistant/sensitive?
|
Saprophyticus is sensitive, epidermidis is resistant
|
|
Name the four main beta hemolytic bacteria
|
Staph. aureus, Strep. pyogenes, Strep. agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
What are the two main alpha hemolytic bacteria?
|
Strep. viridans, Strep. pneumoniae
|
|
Strep pneumo is the most common etiology for what diseases?
|
Meningitis, Otitis media in peds, Pneumonia, Sinusitis
|
|
Which facultative intracellular anaerobe is transmitted by unpasteurized milk or birth
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
Are ghon complexes seen in primary or secondary TB.
|
Primary
|
|
What is the prophylactic treatment for mycobacterium avium in AIDS pts?
|
Azithromycin
|
|
What is the causative organism of leprosy?
|
Mycobacterium leprae
|
|
What are the physical characteristics of H. influenzae?
|
little gram negative coccoid rods (tiny)
|
|
What are the physical characteristics of Bordetella pertussis?
|
little gram negative coccoid rods (tiny)
|
|
What are the two main lactose fermenting gram negative rods?
|
Klebsiella, E. coli
|
|
What are the 3 main gram neg, oxidase neg, lactose nonfermenters?
|
Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus
|
|
What are the two most important gram neg lactose fermenters?
|
Klebsiella and E. coli
|
|
Which type of fermentation is used to differentiate gram neg cocci? rods?
|
cocci --> maltose
rods --> lactose |
|
Which gram neg cocci are maltose fermenters?
|
N. meningitidis = maltose fermenter
N. gonorrhoeae = maltose nonfermenter |
|
What special culturing is done for lactose fermenters?
|
grow pink colonies on macconkey's agar
|
|
Which org is grown on chocolate agar and requires factors V and X?
|
H. influenzae
|
|
What diseases are caused by H. influenzae?
|
HaEMOPhilus
Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia |
|
What diseases are caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
|
PSEUDOmonas
Pneunomonia, Sepsis, External otitis, UTI, Drug use (associated infection), Osteomyelitis (diabetic) |
|
How is EHEC distinguished from other E. coli on culture?
|
EHEC does not ferment sorbitol
|
|
What are the two comma shaped, oxidase pos gram negatives?
|
Vibrio cholerae and Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
What is the only spirohcete visualized in light microscopy?
|
Borrelia
|
|
What is the disease and source of Yersinia pestis?
|
Flea bite --> Plague
|
|
What is the disease and source of Rickettsia typhi?
|
flea bite --> endemic typhus
|
|
What is the disease and source of Rickettsia rickettsii?
|
dermacentor tick bite --> Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
What is the disease and source of Rickettsia prowazekii?
|
louse --> epidemic typhus
|
|
What is the disease and source of Pastuerella multocida?
|
animal bite --> cellulitis, osteomyelitis
|
|
What is the disease and source of Leptospira?
|
Animal urine --> Leptospirosis
|
|
What is the disease and source of Francisella tularensis?
|
ticks, rabbits, deer flies --> tularemia
|
|
What is the disease and source of Ehrlichiosis chaffeensis?
|
Lone star tick --> Ehrlichiosis
|
|
What is the disease and source of Coxiella burnetii?
|
spores from tick feces and cattle placenta --> Q fever
|
|
What is the disease and source of Chlamydophila psittaci?
|
bird shit --> Psittacosis
|
|
What is the disease and source of Campylobacter?
|
Puppies, livestock --> dysentery
|
|
What is the disease and source of Brucella?
|
Unpasteurized dairy --> undulant fever (Brucellosis)
|
|
What is the disease and source of Borrelia recurrentis?
|
Louse --> reccurrent fever
|
|
What is the disease and source of Bartonella?
|
cat scratch --> cat scratch disease
|
|
Fishy gray vaginal discharge. What is the Rx?
|
Gardnerella vaginalis --> Rx w/ metronidazole
|
|
How do you distinguish between Rickettsia species clinically?
|
rickettsii --> starts on hands and feet
typhi and prowazekii --> starts on trunk |
|
What is the infectious form of Chlamydiae?
|
elementary bodies
|
|
What is the Rx for Chlamydiae infections?
|
azithromycine or doxycycline
|
|
What organism is the classic cause of atypical pneumonia? What is the Rx?
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Rx = doxy or erythromycin |
|
Which fungus grows as a spherule in tissue?
|
coccicioidomycosis
|
|
What is the Rx for systemic fungal infections?
|
Amp B
|
|
Which fungus is found in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys and found in bat/bird shit?
|
Histoplasma
|
|
Which fungus is found in states east of the Mississippi and in Central America and has Broad-based budding
|
Blastomyces
|
|
Which fungus produces San Joaquin fever?
|
Coccidioides
|
|
Which fungus is found in Latin America and has a "captain's wheel" formation on light microscopy?
|
Paracoccidioides
|
|
What are the signs and causative organism of Tinea versicolor?
|
hypo/hyperpigmented patches of skin and "spaghetti and meatball" on KOH prep
caused by Malassezia furfur |
|
What is the organism and Rx for oral thrush?
|
Candida albicans --> fluconazole or caspofungin
|
|
Which fungi have wide angle septal hyphae? acute angle?
|
Wide angle = Mucor and Rhizopus
Acute Angle = Aspergillus |
|
Which fungus, found in soil and pigeon shit, produces heavily encapsulated yeast ("soap bubble" lesions in brain)?
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
|
What fungal prohylaxis should be started when an AIDS pt drops below 200 CD4?
|
TMP-SMX for Pneumocystis jiroveci
|
|
What is the appearance of the organism that causes "rose gardener's dz"
|
Dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast (Sporothrix schenckii)
|
|
What is the Rx for giardia?
|
metronidazole
|
|
How would you dx/rx amebiasis?
|
Entamoeba histolytica infection --> dysentery, liver abscess, RUQ pain --> trophozoites w/RBCs in cytoplasm or cysts found in stool --> Rx w/ metronidazole and iodoquinol
|
|
What fungal organism would you suspect in a pt w/ severe diarrhea and AIDS?
|
Cryptosporidium
|
|
Which protozoan causes brain abscesses in HIV pts?
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications are the classic triad of what congenital infection?
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
What is the Rx for Toxoplasmosis?
|
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
|
|
A child swimming in a freshwater pond for a week comes down with meningioencephalitis and dies shortly after. What is the likely causative organism?
|
Naegleria fowleri (protozoan)
|
|
Which organism, transferred from the Tsetse fly causes African sleeping sickness?
|
Trypanosoma brucei
|
|
Which malarial species has dormant form in liver?
|
Plasmodium vivax/ovale
|
|
Which malarial species is most severe and occludes capillaries in the brain, kidneys and lungs?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
Which rx should be added to mefloquine to rx P. vivax/ovale?
|
add primaquine for dormant form in liver
|
|
What is the Rx for babaesiosis?
|
Quinine, clindamycin
|
|
What is the vector for Babesia?
|
Ixodes tick
|
|
What is the rx for Chaga's disease?
|
Trypanosoma cruzi --> Rx w/ nifurtimox
|
|
What organism produces foul-smelling, greenish discharge with itchy vag? Rx?
|
Trichonomas vaginalis --> Rx w/ metronidazole
|
|
A pt bit by a sandfly has spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Dx?
|
Leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani)
|
|
What is used to treat intestinal nematodes?
|
bendazoles
|
|
What is used to treat trematodes?
|
Praziquantel
|
|
What is used to treat cestodes?
|
Praziquantel (except use bendazoles in Echinococcus granulosus)
|
|
Which helminthes are treated with Diethylcarbamazine?
|
Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Toxocara canis (Tissue nematodes)
|
|
Which hemlminthes are treated w/ Ivermectin?
|
Onchocerca volvulus (rIVER blindness), Strongyloides stercoralis (nematodes)
|
|
What is the transmission/disease of Enterobius vermicularis?
|
pinworms, eggs found in food --> anal pruritis
|
|
What is the transmission/disease of Trichenella spiralis?
|
undercooked meat (pork) --> muscle inflammation and periorbital edema
|
|
What is the transmission/disease of Strongyloides stercoralis?
|
Larvae in soil penetrate skin --> intestinal infection
|
|
What is the transmission/disease of Onchocerca volvulus?
|
blackflies --> river blindness
|
|
What is the transmission/disease of Wuchereria bancrofti?
|
female mosquito --> elephantiasis
|
|
Which nematodes penetrate skin/are ingested?
|
EAT --> Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
feet in the SANd --> Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator |
|
What are the sources of flukes?
|
Trematodes --> Schistosoma (snails), Clonorchis sinensis (undercooked fish), Paragonimus westermani (undercooked crab)
|
|
Which hemlminth --> B12 deficiency?
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
|
Which helminths cause microcytic anemia?
|
Ancylostoma, Necator
|
|
Which vaccines are killed?
|
RIP Always
Rabies, Influenza, salk Polio, hAv |
|
What type of vaccine is the sabin vaccine?
|
Live attenuated
|
|
Which DNA virus is single stranded?
|
Parvoviridae
|
|
Which RNA virus is double stranded?
|
Reoviridae
|
|
What are the seven main DNA viruses?
|
Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma
|
|
What are the seven naked viruses?
|
CPR and PAPP smears
Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma and Polyoma |
|
Which DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus?
|
Pox
|
|
JC and BK viruses are what classification?
|
DNA viruses, polyomaviruses
|
|
How is VZV transmitted?
|
respiratory droplets
|
|
Which virus causes Kaposi's sarcoma?
|
HHV-8
|
|
What are the 5 major Picornaviruses?
|
Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV
|
|
What is the #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in kids?
|
Rotavirus
|
|
What are the 3 C's of measles?
|
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
|
|
What organism causes Koplik spots, and rash moving from head to toe?
|
Measles (rubeola) virus
|
|
Which virus causes fifth's diseae?
|
'slapped cheeks', and aplastic crisis in sickle cell --> Parvo B19
|
|
What ate the three major symptoms of mumps?
|
Parotitis, Orchitis, aseptic Meningitis
|
|
What is the organism and presentation of roseola?
|
high fevers for several days followed by diffuse macular rash --> HHV-6
|
|
Negri bodies found in CNS autopsy in what dz?
|
Rabies
|
|
Which hepatitis strain is a DNA virus?
|
HBV
|
|
What are the two serologic markers for Hep A?
|
Anti-HAVAb IgM (active) and IgG (prior infection)
|
|
What serologic makers are found in acute Hep B infection?
|
HBsAg, HBeAg, IgM Anti-HBcAb
|
|
When is the window period for Hep B infections?
|
5-6 months post-exposure
|
|
What serologic markers are present during Hep B Window period?
|
IgM and IgG Anti-HBsAb
|
|
Which serologic marker indicates high transmissibility of Hep B?
|
HBeAg
|
|
Which serologic marker indicates low transmissibility of Hep B?
|
Anti-HBeAb
|
|
Which serologic markers are present in Hep B immunized individual?
|
Anti-HBsAb
|
|
What are the two diagnostic tests for HIV?
|
ELISA followed by Western Blot confirmatory
|
|
Which organism is a/w daycare outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis and dysentery?
|
Yersinia enterocolitica
|
|
What is the major CSF finding differentiating Bacterial meningitis from viral and fungal?
|
Bac --> increased PMNs and decreased glucose -->
Viral --> increased lymphocytes and normal glucose Fungal --> increased lymphocytes, decreased glucose |
|
What is the #1 cause of meningitis in teens?
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
What is the empiric therapy for meningitis?
|
Ceftriaxone + vancomycin
|
|
What is the leading cause of UTI?
|
E. coli
|
|
What are the three dx markers of UTI and what do the positives mean?
|
Leukocyte esterase --> bacterial
Nitrite Test --> gram neg (except S. saprophyticus) Urease test --> Proteus, Klebsiella |
|
What are the six ToRCHeS infections?
|
Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV-2, Syphilis
|
|
What is the classic triad of congenital Rubella infection?
|
PDA, cataracts, deafness +/- "blueberry muffin rash"
|
|
Which TORCH infection manifests neonatally as hearing loss, seizures and blueberry muffin rash?
|
CMV
|
|
Hutchinson's teeth, saddle-nose, saber shins. Which TORCH?
|
Syphilis
|
|
Rash begins at head and moves down; --> fine truncal rash
Which red rash of childhood? |
Rubella
|
|
Rash begins at head and moves down; preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots.
Which red rash of childhood? |
Rubeola --> Measles virus
|
|
Vesicular rash begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age
Which red rash of childhood? |
Chickenpox --> VZV
|
|
A macular rash over body appears after several days of high feverl usually in infants
Which red rash of childhood? |
Sixth disease --> HHV-6 and 7
|
|
"Slapped Cheek" rash on face
Which red rash of childhood? |
Fifth disease --> Parvo B19
|
|
Erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
Which red rash of childhood? |
Scarlet fever --> Strep. pyogenes
|
|
Vesicular rash on palms and soles, ulcers in oral mucosa
Which red rash of childhood? |
Hand-foot-mouth --> Coxsackie A
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arhtritis, creamy purulent discharge? |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae --> Gonorrhea
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Painless chancre? |
Treponema pallidum --> Primary syphilis
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata? |
Treponema pallidum --> secondary syphilis
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy? |
H. ducreyi --> Chancroid
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter's syndrome, PID? |
Chlamydia trachomatis --> Chlamydia
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Vaginitis, strawberry mucosa, corkscrew motility on wet prep? |
Trichomonas vaginalis --> Trichonomiasis
|
|
Which STD has the following clinical features:
Malodorous fishy vagina, clue cells? |
Gardnerella vaginalis --> bacterial vaginosis
|
|
What is the most common bacterial STD?
|
Chlamydia
|
|
Which ABX block peptidoglycan synthesis?
|
Bacitracin and vancomycin
|
|
Which ABX block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking?
|
cillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem
|
|
Which ABX block nucleotide synthesis?
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
Which ABX block DNA topoisomerases?
|
FQs
|
|
Which ABX block mRNA synthesis?
|
Rifampin
|
|
Which ABX damage DNA?
|
Metronidazole
|
|
which ABX block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit?
|
AGs, Tetracyclines
|
|
What is the DOC for syphilis?
|
pen G
|
|
What is the DOC for S. aureus?
|
"Mean Old Dick Naf killed all the Staf"
Methicillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin |
|
What is the clinical use of Ampicillin and amoxicillin?
|
HELPSS kill enterococci
H. influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella |
|
What is the main clinical use for Ticarcillin and Pipercillin?
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
What is the spectrum for 1st gen cephalosporins?
|
PEcK
Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella |
|
What is the spectrum for 2nd gen cephalosporins?
|
HEN PEcKS
H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia marcescens |
|
What is the clinical use for ceftriaxone?
|
meningitis and gonorrhea
|
|
What is the clinical use for ceftazidime?
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
What is the clinical use for cefepime?
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
What is the clinical use for Aztreonam?
|
Rx gram negs in pts with pen allergy or renal insufficiency who can't tolerate AGs
|
|
What is the clinical use for imipenem/cilastin?
|
Life threatening drug resistant infections (last resort)
|
|
What is the clinical use for vancomycin?
|
Gram positive serious infections, MRSA, C. dif
|
|
What are the vancomycin toxicities?
|
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity (reversible), Thrombophlebitis, red man
|
|
Which protein synthesis inhibitors are bactericidal?
|
AGs, sometimes linezolid
|
|
What is the clinical use for AGs?
|
gram neg rod aerobes
|
|
What are the side effects of AGs?
|
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity (irreversible), teratogenic
|
|
What is the clinical use of tetracylcines?
|
Borrelia burgdorferi, M. pneumoniae, Rickettsia and Chlamydia
|
|
Which ABX cause discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity and are contraindicated in preggo?
|
Tetracyclines
|
|
Which ABX treats Atypical Pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella) gram positives in pts allergic to pens?
|
Macrolides
|
|
Which ABX causes prolonged QT?
|
Macrolides
|
|
What is the main clinical use of Chloramphenicol?
|
meningitis
|
|
Which ABX causes gray-baby?
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
What is the main clinical use of clindamycin?
|
Anaerobic infections (lung abscess)
|
|
What is the main toxicity of clindamycin?
|
Pseudo colitis
|
|
Which ABX is known to cause hemolysis in G6PD def pts?
|
Sulfas
|
|
What are the two main organisms treated by SMX?
|
Chlamydia, Nocardia
|
|
Which ABX are known to cause tendon rupture?
|
FQs
|
|
What are the 6 main organisms treated by Metronidazole?
|
anaerobes below the diaphragm
GET GAP Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella, Anaerobes, h. Pylori |
|
What is the main side effect of metronidazole?
|
disulfiram-like rxn
|
|
What drug is used for TB prophylaxis?
|
INH
|
|
What are the four TB drugs?
|
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
|
|
Which TB drug is a P450 inducer?
|
Rifampin
|
|
What is Rifampin used for besides TB?
|
H. influenzae prophylaxis
|
|
Which ABX causes red-green colorblindness?
|
Ethambutol
|
|
What the DOC for meningococcal prophylaxis?
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
What is the DOC for gonorrhea prophylaxis?
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
What is the DOC for recurrent UTIs?
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
What is the empiric therapy of outpatient CAP?
|
macrolides
|
|
What is the empiric therapy for inpatient CAP?
|
FQs
|
|
What is the empiric therapy for CAP in ICU setting?
|
beta lactam + FQ or azithromycin
|
|
Which antifungal blocks membrane function?
|
Amp B
|
|
Which antifungal inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?
|
5-Fluorocytosine
|
|
Which antifungals (2) block lanosterol synthesis?
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Naftifine, Terbinafine
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Which antifungals (3) block ergosterol synthesis?
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Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole
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Which antifungal blocks cell wall synthesis?
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Caspofungin
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Which antifungal is used for serious systemic infections?
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Amp B
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Which antifungal is ised for swish and swallow candidiasis?
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Nystatin
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Which antifungal is used for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS pts?
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fluconazole
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Which antifungal is used for Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, and Candida albicans?
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Ketoconazole
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Which antifungal is used for invasive Aspergillosis?
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Caspofungin
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Which antifungal is used for onychomycosis?
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Terbenafine
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Which antifungal is an oral Rx for ringworm?
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Griseofulvin
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Which antiviral is used in parkinson's dz?
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Amantidine
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Which antivirals treat both influenza A and B?
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Zanamivir and oseltamivir
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Which antiviral is used for RSV and chronic hep C?
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Ribavirin
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Which viruses are treated with Acyclovir?
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HSV, VZV, EBV
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Which viruses are treated with Ganciclovir?
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CMV
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Which drug is used to treat CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pts when ganciclovir fails?
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Foscarnet
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When is HAART initiated?
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CD4 < 350 or high viral load
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What classes make up the AIDS cocktail?
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2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or 1 protease inhibitor or 1 integrase inhibitor
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Which AIDS drugs must by phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to be active?
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NRTIs
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Which AIDS drugs are the protease inhibitors?
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navirs
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Which AIDS drugs are the NNRTIs?
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neVIRapine, efaVIRenz, delaVIRdine
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What are the main drugs to avoid in preggo pts?
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"Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care"
Clarithromycin - embryotoxic Sulfonamides - kernicterus AGs - ototoxicity FQs - cartilage damage Metronidazole - mutagenesis Tetracyclines - teeth Ribavarin - teratogen Griseofulvin - teratogen Chloramphenicol - "gray baby" |