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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which organism contains D-glutamate instead of a polysaccharide capsule
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Bacillus anthracis
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organisms stained with silver
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legionella
fungi |
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Ziehl-Neelsen stain
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acid-fast organisms
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Thayer-Martin media
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used to culture N. gonorrhoeae
vancomycin (inhibit gram+) polymyxin (inhibit gram-) nystatin (inhibit fungi) |
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special media for H. influenzae
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cholocate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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M. tuberculosis
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pink colonies on MacConkey's agar
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lactose-fermenting enterics
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obligate intracellular bugs
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rickettsia
chlamydia |
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positive quellung reaction
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indicates capsule present
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associated with an IgA protease
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S. pneuomniae
H. influenzae Neisseria |
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associated with inactivation of EF2
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corynebacterium diphteriae
Pseudomonas exotoxin A |
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toxin that cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome)
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shiga toxin
shiga-like toxin (E. coli O157:H7) |
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associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome
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shigella
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4 cAMP inducing organisms
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vibrio cholerae
bodetella pertussis E. coli (ETEC) Bacillus anthracis |
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Gram (+) branching filaments
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Actinomyces - Anaerobe, not acid fast
Nocardia - Aerobe, acid fast |
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differentiate novobiocin resistance and sensitive staph organisms
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saprophyticus - resistant
epidermidis - sensitive |
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Beta hemolytic gram (+) rod
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listeria monocytogenes
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associated with producing two toxins, enterotoxin and cytotoxin; and secondary to antibiotic use, especially clindamycin or ampicillin
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C. difficile
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associated with black skin lesions
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B. anthracis
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treatment of C. difficile
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Metronidazole
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forms yellow sulfur granules in sinus tracts
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Actinomyces israelii
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differentiate treatment of Nocardia and Actinomyces
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Actinomyces - Penicillin
Nocardia - Sulfa |
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oxidase positive gram(-) rod that doesn't ferment lactose
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Pseudomonas
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two lactose fermenting gram(-) rod
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Klebsiella
E. coli |
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causes waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
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N. meningitidis
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associated with: silver stain and charcoal yeast extract culture with iron and cysteine
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Legionella pneumophila
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associated with water, blue-green pigment, and burn victims
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pseudomonas
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E. coli species that does not ferment sorbitol
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EHEC
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associated with lobar pneumonia and red currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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different salmonella and shigella since both are lactose fermenting gram(-) rods
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salmonella is both motile and produces H2S
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associated with rose spots on the abdomen and can remain in the gallbladder chronically
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shigella
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differentiate campylobacter jejuni and vibrio cholerae since both are coma shaped oxidase positive gram(-) species
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C. jejuni - grows at 42 degrees celcius
Cholera - grows in alkaline media |
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causes mesenteric adenitis that can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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signs of tertiary syphilis
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chronic granulomas
vasa vasorum destruction tabes dorsalis argyll robertson pupil |
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associated with:
saber shins, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars |
congenital syphilis
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which rickettsiae species has a negative Weil-Felix reaction
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Coxiella
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Weil-Felix reaction
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rickettsial infection
patient serum is mixed with Proteus antigens, antirickettsial antibodies cross-react and agglutinate |
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rash starting in the hands and feet spreading centrally
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Rocky mountain spotted fever
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rash starting on the trunk and spreading peripherally
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Endermic typhus
-rickettsiae family |
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classic cause of atypical walking pneumonia
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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associated with high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM)
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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cause of tenia versicolor
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Malassezia furfur
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associated with pseudohyphae and budding yeasts
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Candida
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fungi that proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose
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Mucormycosis
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only ssDNA virus
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parvovirus
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what type of viruses are diploid
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retroviruses - contain 2 identical ssRNA molecules
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where do the herpesviruses acquire their envelope
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nuclear membrane unlike all others which acquire from the plasma membrane
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which DNA virus replicates in the cytoplasma because it carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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poxvirus
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DNA virus that carries a reverse transcriptase and replicates through an RNA intermediate
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Hepadnavirus (HBV)
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associated with aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease and slapped cheek rash in children (fifth disease)
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Parvovirus (B19)
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most common cause of fatal diarrhea in children
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rotavirus
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only double stranded DNA virus
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reoviruses
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which picornavirus is not an enterovirus (fecal-oral spread)
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rhinovirus- acid labile
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Picornaviruses
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Poliovirus
Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus HAV |
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paramyxoviruses
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Parainfluenza
RSV Measles (rubeola) Mumps |
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defective virus that requires HbsAg as its envelope
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deltavirus (HDV)
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which two hepatitis viruses spread via fecal-oral route
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HAV
HEV |
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which two hepatitis vriuses predispose a patient to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
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HBV
HCV |
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what indicates immunity to hepatitis B
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antibody to HBsAg
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what is the only antibody during the window period of a hepatitis infection
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Anti-HBcAg
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what receptors does HIV bind on T cells and macrophages respectively
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T cell - CXCR4/CD4
macrophages - CCR5/CD4 |
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how would a person have immunity to HIV
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homozygous CCR5 mutation
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organisms causing bloody diarrhea
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campylobacter
salmonella shigella EHEC Yersinia Entamoeba histolytica |
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organisms causing watery diarrhea
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ETEC
V. cholera C. perfringens Rotavirus Norwalk virus |
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three causes of atypical pneumonia
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mycoplasma
legionella chlamydia |
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cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patient
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pseudomonas
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osteomyelitis in patient with sickle cell
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Salmonella
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positive nitrite test in patient with UTI
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positive for gram-negative bacterial infection
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microbes that may pass from mother to fetus (ToRCHHS)
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Toxoplasma
Rubella CMV HIV Herpes simplex Syphilis |
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associated with a rash that begins at the head and moves down (3 days) and postauricular lymphadenopathy
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Rubella (German measles)
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cause of retinitis (cottom-wool spots) in patient with AIDS
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CMV
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infection in asplenic patient
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encapsulated microbes:
S. pneumo H. influenzae N. meningitidis |
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bilateral bell's palsy
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Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
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associated with cystic fibrosis and burn patients
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pseudomonas
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associated with branching rods in oral infection and sulfar granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Associated with Protein A, Toxic shock, and being coagulase positive
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Staph aureus
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infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms
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S. epidermidis
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Associated with IgA protease, capsule, and most common cause of meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, and sinusitis
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S. pneumo
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a-hemolytic, associated with dental caries and endocarditis
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viridans group strepococci
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associated with M protein, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis
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S. pyogenes
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B-hemolytic, colonizes vagina, Bacitracin resistant, produces CAMP factor
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S. agalactiae
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normal colonic flora that are penicillin resistant and cause UTI
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Enterococci (group D streptococci)
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gram (+) rod that secretes a toxin that inhibits protein synthesis via ribosylation of EF-2
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campylobacter diphtheria
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spore-forming gram(+) bacteria
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Bacillus anthracia
C. perfringes C. tetani B. cereus C. botulinum |
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blocks glycine and GABA release
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tetanospamin toxin
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produces an a-toxin (lecithinase) that causes gas gangrene
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C. perfringes
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associated with black skin lesions or flulike symptoms that progress to shock
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B. anthrancis
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facultative intracellular microbe acquired from ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese/meat
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L. monocytogenes
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gram(+) that is also weakly acid-fast, causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients
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Nocardia asteroides
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gram (+) anaerobe that causes oral/facial abscesses
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Actinomyces israelii
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forms yellow sulfur granules in sinus tracts
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Actinomyces israelii
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most invasive form of H. influenzae
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capsular type B
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gram (-) coccobacillary rod associated with epiglotitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia
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H. influenzae
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gram (-) rod associated with silver stain and chorcoal yeast extract culture
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L. pneumophila
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associated with burn infections, pneumonia in CF, and external otitis and produces a toxin that inactivates EF-2
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P. aeruginosa
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gram (-) rod associated with lobar pneumonia and red currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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gram (-) rods that are non-lactose fermenters that cause bloody diarrhea
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Salmonella
Shigella |
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gram (-) organism that is a major cause of bloody diarrhea in children, also associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Campylobacter jejuni
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gram (-) rod associated with alkaline media and activating Gs to increase cAMP
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V. cholerae
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gram (-) rod associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in day care centers and meseteric adenitis that can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis
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Yerseinia enterocolitica
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gram (-) rod associated with gastritis and duodenal ulcers, urease positive
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H. pylori
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associated with animal urine causing flulike symptoms, abdominal pain, and jaundice
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Leptospira interrogans
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associated with Lyme disease
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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cause of syphilis
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Treponema pallidum
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cat scratch fever
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Bartonella
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associated with rabbits and tick bites
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Francisella tularensis
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associated with flea bites and rodents
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Yersinia pestis
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associated with animal bites
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pasteurella multocida
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undulant fever associated with contact with animals
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Brucella
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associated with vaginal discharge with a fishy smell and clue cells
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Garderella vaginalis
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Q fever: Queer because no rash, no vector, and negative Weil-Felix
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Coxiella buretii
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associated with walking pneumonia and high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) which can agglutinate or lyse RBCs
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M. pneumoniae
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macrophage filled with yeast associated with Ohio River Valley
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Histoplasmosis
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Broad-based budding
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Blastomycosis
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Spherule filled with endospore associated with southwestern united tates
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Coccidiodes
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budding yeast with captains wheel formation associated with latin america
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Paracoccidiodes
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pseudohyphae and budding yeasts
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Candida
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mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles that proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose
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Mucormycosis
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associated with congenital infection, negative monospot mononucleosis, and pneumonia
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CMV
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associated with positive monospot, burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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EBV
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associated with koplik spots, SSPE, and giant cell pneumonia
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Measles (rubeola) - paramyxovirus
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associated with parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis
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Mumps - paramyxovirus
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associated with negri bodies
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Rabies virus
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