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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood cell w/"frosted glass" cytoplasm and kidney shaped nucleus?
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Monocyte
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what do neutrophil granules contain?
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azurophilic granulues (lysosomes)
hydrolytic enzymes lysozyme myeloperoxidase lactoferrin (binds iron & inhibits growth of phaocytosed bacteria & some fungi) |
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CD14 marks what cells? what activates them?
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Macrophages
IFN-gamma |
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Eosinophil contains? Causes of eosinophilia?
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eosinophilic granules of uniform size
major basic prtn - defends against helmenthic infection produces histaminase & arylsulfatase to help limit rxn following mast cell degranulation Eosinophilia caused by: NAACP -neoplastic -asthma -allergic processes -COLLAGEN VASCULAR DZ -parasites (invasive) |
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what cells mediate allergic response? what is contained?
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Basophils & Mast Cells
-heparain (anticoagulant) -histamine (vasodilator) Basophil - other vasoactive amines, leukotrienes (LTD4) Mast cell - eosinophil chemotactic factros *Cromolyn sodium prevents mast cell degranulation (asthma prophylaxis) |
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what cells are the main induces of primary antibody response?
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Dendritic cells, professional APCS
on skin they are "Langerhans cells" |
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off center nucleus w/clock face chromatin? (abundant RER, well developed Golgi)
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Plasma cell
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suppressor T cell marker?
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CD28
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why are maternal antibodies to Rh antigen bad, but ABO incompatabilities not a problem?
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anti-AB antibodies are only IgM, don't cross placenta
anti-Rh is IgG, crosses placenta |
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coagulation factors inhibited by antithrombin?
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II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
heparin activated antithrombin |
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factor V leiden mutation?
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factor V resistant to APC (activated prtn C)'s inhibition (cleavage)
activated protein C w/prtn S cleaves & inactivates Va & VIIIa |
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in platelet plug formation balance, what factors favor...
pro-aggregation? anti-aggregation? |
pro-aggregation - thromboxane (TXA2) released by platelets:
-decreases blood flow, increases platelet aggregation anti-aggregation - PGI2 and NO, released by endothelial cells |
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3 mechanisms by which drugs prevent platelet plug formation?
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1.) ASA - inhibit cyclooxgenase, decreased TXA2 synthesis
2.) Ticlopidine & Clopidegrel -inhibit ADP induced expression of GpIIbIIIa -this prevents aggregation via fibrinogen cross-linking Gp2b3a receptors 3.) Abciximab - inhibits Gp2b3a directly |
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what is contained inside endothelial cells that relates to thrombogenesis?
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vWF
thromboplastin (tissue factor) tPA PGI2 (& NO) covers subendothelial collagen |
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What is Kallikrein?
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Kallikrein is formed from prekallikrein by XIIa
Kallikrein converts plasminogen to plasmis, and HMWK to Bradykinin HMWK increases XII - XIIa when Kallikrein converts HMWK to bradykinin it decreases further upstream activaiton of the intrinsic cascade, synergistic with its role in activating plasmin additionally, Bradykinin is part of the kinin cascade -vasodilation -increased permeability -increased pain |
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what is the role of bradykinin?
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Kinin cascade
-increased vasodilation -increased permeability -increased pain |
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what does plasmin do?
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degrades fibrin mesh
also converts C3 --> C3a -activating cascade complement |
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what does the ESR measure? what causes it to increase? decrease?
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ESR is increased by ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS in plasma (eg fibrinogen) causing RBC aggregation
increased ES: -PREGNANCY, infections, inflammatory disease (temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica), malignant neoplasms, GI dz (ulcerative colitis) decreased ESR: -polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, CHF, microcytosis, hypofibrinogenemia |
