First Aid Endocrine Pharm

Front 1

Short acting insulins?

Back 1

insulin, lispro

Front 2

intermediate insulins?

Back 2

NPH

Front 3

long acting insulins?

Back 3

lente, ultralente

Front 4

MOA of insulin?

Back 4

liver (increased glucose stored as glycogen) Muscle (increased glycogen and protein synth, K uptake) Fat (aids TG storage)

Front 5

Uses of insulin other than DM1?

Back 5

life threatening hyperkalemia and stress induced hyperglycemia

Front 6

Insulin toxicity?

Back 6

hypoglycemi, hypersensitivity rxn (very rare)

Front 7

Name the first generation sulfonylureas.

Back 7

tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

Front 8

name the second generation sulfonylureas.

Back 8

glyburide, glimeperide, glipizide

Front 9

MOA of sulfonylureas.

Back 9

close K channel in beta cell membrane so cell depolarizes…triggers insulin release via increased Ca influx

Front 10

Are sulfonylureas good for DM1, DM2 or both?

Back 10

DM2. (useless in DM1 b/c needs some islet fxn)

Front 11

First generation sulfonylureas toxicities?

Back 11

disulfiram-like effects

Front 12

Second generation sulfonylurea toxicity?

Back 12

hypoglycemia

Front 13

What class of drugs is metformin?

Back 13

biguanide

Front 14

Probable MOA of metformin?

Back 14

decreased GNG, increased glycolysis, decreased serum glucose

Front 15

Metformin for DM1, DM2 or both?

Back 15

both

Front 16

Metformin toxicity?

Back 16

lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal insufficiency, CHF, elderly)

Front 17

MOA of glitazones?

Back 17

increased target cell response to insulin

Front 18

Glitazones, DM1, DM2 or both?

Back 18

DM2

Front 19

Glitazone toxicities/

Back 19

weight gain, CHF (fluid retention), (troglitazone is hepatotoxic)

Front 20

name two alpha glucosidase inhibitors.

Back 20

acarbose, miglitol

Front 21

alpha glucosidase inhibitor MOA?

Back 21

inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases (delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption lead to decreased postpradial hyperglycemia)

Front 22

alpha glucosidase inhibitor toxicity?

Back 22

flatulence

Front 23

Orlistat MOA?

Back 23

alters fat metabolism by inhibiting pancreatic lipases

Front 24

Indications for orlistat?

Back 24

long term obesity management

Front 25

Orlistat toxicities?

Back 25

steatorrhea, GI discomfort, reduced absorption of fat soluble vitamins, HA

Front 26

Sibutramine MOA?

Back 26

sympathomimetic SNRI

Front 27

Indication for sibutramine?

Back 27

short-term and long term obesity management

Front 28

Sibutramine toxicity?

Back 28

HTN, tachycardia

Front 29

Propylthiouracil, methimazole MOA?

Back 29

inhibit organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis. Propylthiouracil also decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Front 30

Indications for propylthiouracil or methimazole?

Back 30

hyperthyroidism

Front 31

Toxicities of propylthiouracil and methimazole?

Back 31

skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia

Front 32

Indication for somatostatin?

Back 32

GH deficiency, turner's syndrome

Front 33

Indication for octreotide?

Back 33

acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma

Front 34

Indication for oxytocin?

Back 34

stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down; controls uterine hemorrhage

Front 35

Indication for desmopressin?

Back 35

Central (not nephrogenic) DI

Front 36

Uses of levothyroxine, triiodothyroxine?

Back 36

hypothyroidism, myxedema

Front 37

Levothyroxine, triiodothyroxine toxicity?

Back 37

tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors

Front 38

What kind of drug is triamcinolone?

Back 38

glucocorticoid

Front 39

MOA of glucocorticoids?

Back 39

decreased production of leukotrienes/prostaglandins by inhibiting PLA2 and COX-2 expression

Front 40

Uses of glucocorticoids?

Back 40

addison's, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma

Front 41

Glucocorticoid toxicity?

Back 41

iatrogenic cushings (buff hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thin skin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcers)