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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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high levels of sex hormone-binding globulin will lead to what in dudes? how about low levels in chicks?
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in dudes it leads to man boobs
in chicks it leads to hairiness (hirsutism) |
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waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome..."what connects the dots"
bonus if you can name the movie that the quotation is from (it is spoken with a british accent if that helps at all) |
acute adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands due to DIC from a N. meningitidis infection in kiddos.
movie: the bourne ultimatum |
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what increases skin pigmentation with addisons disease?
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the increased ACTH by-products stimulate melanocytic production of pigment
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how is secondary renal insufficiency different from primary (addisons)?
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secondary is due to a decrease in ACTH so there is no hyperpigmentation
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what HLA is hypothyroidism associated with?
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HLA-DR5
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whats the histology like for hashimotos? the disease leads to an increase risk of what?
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Hurthle cells
chronic inflammation with GERMINAL CENTER increase risk for B-cell (marginal zone) lymphoma |
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patient had the flu last weeks and now present with symptoms of tachycardia and heat intolerance and their thyroid is super, duper tender....what they got?
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Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervains)
hyperthyroid early on....may develop hypothyroid later |
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patients shows up with a thyroid that is "hard as a morning wood" and its painless....whats he got? what could happen?
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Riedels thyroiditis
the fibrosing of the thyroid could extend to involve local structures (airway) Riedels...Rock hard |
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what type of hypersensitivity is graves disease?
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type II
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how are cholesterol and glycemic levels for hyperthyroidism?
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HYPOcholesterolemia
HYPERglycemia hyperthroid kind of equates to hyperactivity so think of that kind of like having lots of sugar in your system....HYPERglycemia |
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why do the eyes bulge out with hyperthyroidism? why is there pretibial myxedema
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the fibroblasts behind the orbit and overlying the shin express the TSH receptor
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how do you treat a thyroid storm
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propylthiouracil
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a patient comes in and says that his voice has gotten deeper and his tongue has gotten larger...whats up?
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hes got myxedema due to hypothyroidism
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patient has a thyroid with focal patches of hyperfunctioning follicular cells that are working independent of TSH leading to high T3/T4...whats up?
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toxic multinodular goiter
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hot or cold nodules...which is rarely malignant
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hot
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what is the jod-basedow phenomenon?
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when thyrotoxicosis occurs in a patient with iodine deficiency that is suddenly filled up with iodine
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what is the most common thyroid cancer. it has an excellent prognosis
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papillary carcinoma
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this thyroid cancer has "ground glass" appearance, psammoma bodies, nuclear grooves and an increased risk of getting with childhood radiation
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papillary carcinoma
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thyroid cancer of the parafollicular C cells, produces calcitonin, associated with MEN 2A and 2B
biopsy shows cell as what? HY gene mutation involved? HY |
medullary carcinoma
malignant cells in an amyloid stroma RET oncogene (if detected you should remove the thyroid) |
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thyroid tumor with good prognosis and uniform follicles
how do you distinguish between carcinoma and adenoma? how does spread usually occur? last two are HY |
follicular carcinoma
invasion through the capsule distinguishes the two, FNA CANNOT!! it spreads hematogenously |
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what happens to the pancreas with primary hyperparathyroidsim?
HY!! |
acute pancreatitis
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levels of cAMP and serum alkaline phosphatase in primary hyperparathyroidism
HY!!! |
both are high
the latter being due to high osteoclast activity from all that PTH |
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how you gonna remember chvosteks sign?
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think of the composer tchaikovsky (they both look crazy and somehow similar)
he was a composer and probably conducted so he would "tap" his baton tap the facial nerve and get a contraction of facial muscles |
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you got a person with short stature, short 4th and 5th digits and hypocalcemia with high PTH...whats going on here?
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pseudohypoparathyroid ism (albrights hereditary osteodystrophy)
end organ (kidneys) resistance to PTH and its autosomal dominant |
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how do you differentiate central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
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give desmpressin. if its central then you will get a response
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3 P's to remember about diabetes
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polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
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HLA-DR5??
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hashimotos
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HLA-DR3 and 4??
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DM type I
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DM type I and II
which has a high genetic predisposition? |
DM type II
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what is the reason behind osmotic damage seen diabetes??
VERY HY!! |
all that glucose gets converted to sorbitol by aldose reductase leading to an increase in the osmotic gradient
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obesity leads to what, which precipitates DM type II
HY!! |
leads to a decrease in insulin receptors
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secondary amenorrhea, obesity and hirsutism are signs of PCOS...its is primarily due to what?
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high LH from the pituitary
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PCOS will present with what levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, estrogen?
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LH---high
FSH---low testosterone---high (leading to hirsutism) estrogen---high (leading to increased risk of endometrial cancer) |
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pts with PCOS tend to develop diabetes and hyperglycemia due to what?
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increase in insulin resistance
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what is Kallman syndrome?
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a defect in the hypothalamus leading to GnRH deficiency (thus FSH and LH deficiency)
remember ABCD: Anosmia Blindness for Color Delay of puberty |
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listen for heart murmurs of the right side of the heart at the left sternal border for problems with what disease that also has wheezing, flushing, diarrhea?
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carcinoid syndrome
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in secondary hyperthyroidism will TSH be high or low?
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HIGH
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maternal diabetes is a common cause of newborn hypo or hyperglycemia
hypo or hyperinsulinemia? |
hypoglycemia due to excess insulin produced by the fetus
hyperinsulinemia i think it works like this: the diabetic mom has lots of sugar...this somehow gets to the baby and after birth the baby is making a ton of insulin to counter all the sugar causing hypoglycemia |
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patient with carcinoid syndrome will have a deficiency of what vitamin and why?
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niacin.
niacin and serotonin have the same precursor (tryptophan) so in carcinoid syndrome all that serotonin being made is going to use up the tryptophan leaving the niacin left wanting this will lead to pellagra |
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the buildup of what causes pretibial myxedema and bulging eyes in hyperthyroidism?
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glycosaminoglycans
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boy has ambiguous genitalia but at age of puberty he develops normal secondary sex characteristics, whats he got?
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5-alpha-reductase deficiency
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high calcitonin is associated with what kind of thyroid carcinoma?
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medullary
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