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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
(caused by posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
(result of meningococcemia) |
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arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's sydrome
(fibrillin defect) |
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athlete with polycythemia
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erythropoietin injection
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back pain, fever, nightsweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease
(aka vertebral tuberculosis) |
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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
(will also see noncaseating granulomas) |
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blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
(collagen defect) |
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bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line
(a sign of lead poisoning) |
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bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone
(increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
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bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
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Neurofibromatosis 1 (with pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis 2 (with B/L acoustic neuromas) |
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Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
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calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy
(most common Duchenne's) |
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"Cherry-red spot" on macula
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1) Tay-Sachs, a ganglioside accumulation
2) Neimann-Pick, a sphingomyelin accumulation 3) central retinal artey occulusion |
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chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome
(autoimmune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode) |
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child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gowers' sign
(a symptom of DMD, an X-linked recessive disease due to deleted dystrophin gene) |
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child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks"
-sign of 5th disease/erythema infectiosum caused by parvovirus B19 |
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chorea, dementia, caudte degeneration
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Huntington's disease
(autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
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chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease
(due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency) |
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cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
-due to damage of MLF --bilaterally due to multiple sclerosis --unilaterally due to a stroke |
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continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA
(close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol) |
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cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema
(due to hypothyroidism and/or Graves' disease) |
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dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma
(usually AIDS patients, associated with HHV-8) |
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deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing
(result of diabetic ketoacidosis) |
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dematitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra
(a niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) |
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dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi
(a thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) |
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dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multocida
(cellulitis at bite site) |
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dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome
(autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
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dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
(may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
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elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
(collagen defect, usually type III) |
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enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node
(abdominal cxr metastasis) |
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erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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1) Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
2) mycosis fungoides |
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facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign
(hypocalcemia) |
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fat, female, forty, and fertile
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Acute cholecystitis
(bile duct blockage) |
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fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
(rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
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fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles
(caused by morbillivirus) |
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fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms
(lymphoma) |
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fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease
(connectie tissue disorder) |
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gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
(HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
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green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
(copper accumulation from Wilson's disease) |
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hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
(genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction) (increased risk of cancer) |
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heptosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's disease
(glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
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hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome
(type IV collagen mutation) |
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hypercoagulability that leads to migrating DVTs and vasculitis
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Trousseau's sign
(adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung) |
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hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
(bilateral amygdala lesion) |
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hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's syndrome
(primary hyperaldosteronism) |
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hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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Chronic bronchitis (aka "blue bloater")
(due to hyperplasia of mucus cells) |
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indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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If nonpainful -> chancre (sign of primary syphilis due to Treponema pallidum)
If painful w/ exudate -> chancroid (due to Haemophilus ducreyi) |
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infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease
(genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
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infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease
(debranching enzyme deficiency) |
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infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edwards' syndrome
(trisomy 18) |
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jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad 2
(ascending cholangitis |
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keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite
(sign of Lyme disease/Borrelia infection) |
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lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma
(middle meningeal artery rupture) |
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male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease
(X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
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mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
(defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gp2b/3a) |
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multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome
(subtype of familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP]) |
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necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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1) Wegener's (c-ANCA positive)
2) Goodpasture's (anti-basement membrane antibodies) |
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neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
(superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury; "waiter's tip") |
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no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome
(pituitary infarction) |
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nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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Multiple sclerosis
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oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure) |
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painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease
(autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mononucleosis) |
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painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome
(vasospasm in extremities) |
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painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node
(infective endocarditis) |
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painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions
(infective endocarditis) |
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painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Schonlein prupura
(IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
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pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1, aka Wermer's syndrome
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pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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Emphysema aka "pink puffers"
(centroacinar [smoking] or panacinar [A1AT deficiency]) |
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polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome
(proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
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positive anterior "drawer sign"
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ACL injury
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ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome
(sympathetic chain lesion) |
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pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll-Robertson pupil
(neurosyphilis) |
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rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
(autoimmne acute inflammatory demyelinatiing polyneuropathy) |
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rash on palms and soles
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1) Secondary syphilis
2) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome
(hyper-IgE syndrome; neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
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red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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red, itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast
(represents underlying neoplasm) |
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red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease
(dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
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resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease
(migrostriatal dopamine depletion) |
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restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease
(lysosomal glucosidase deficiency) |
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retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots
(bacterial endocarditis) |
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severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
(congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
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severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign
(appendicitis) |
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short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia
(genetically inherited; often progresses to AML) |
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single palm crease
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Simian crease
(Down syndrome) |
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situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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Kartagener's syndrome
(dynein defect affecting cilia) |
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skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease
(primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology) |
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slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
(X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's) |
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small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots
(measles) |
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smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata
(secondary syphilis) |
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splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"strawberry tongue"
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1) Scarlet fever
2) Kawasaki disease 3) Toxic shock syndrome |
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streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner syndrome
(XO, short stature webbed neck, lymphedema) |
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sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra
(hyperuricemia) |
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy
(vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis
(osteophyts on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP (Heberden's nodes]) |
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A aka Sipple's syndrome
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toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign
(UMN lesion) |
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unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy
(LMN CN VII palsy) |
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome
(reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27) |
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vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma
(benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
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vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction
(following second exposure to endotoxin) |
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vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
(alcoholic and bulemic patients) |
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"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease
(Tropheryma whippelii) |
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"worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(will see the star on MRI) |
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"worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(will see the star on MRI) |
