First Aid Cardiovascular Pharm

Front 1

Adverse effects of hydrochorothiazide?

Back 1

hypokalemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia

Front 2

Adverse effects of loop diuretics?

Back 2

K wasting, met alkalosis, hypotension, ototoxicity

Front 3

Adverse effects of clonidine? (class?)

Back 3

dry mouth, sedation, rebound HTN (sympathoplegic)

Front 4

adverse effect of methyldopa? (class?)

Back 4

sedation, positive coomb's test (sympathoplegic)

Front 5

adverse effects of hexamethonium? (class?)

Back 5

orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfxn (sympathoplegic)

Front 6

adverse effects of reserpine? (class?)

Back 6

sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea (sympathoplegic)

Front 7

adverse effect of guanethidine? (class?)

Back 7

orthostatic and exercise hypotension, sexual dysfxn, diarrhea (sympathoplegic)

Front 8

adverse effect of prazosin? (class)

Back 8

1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA

Front 9

adverse effects beta blockers?

Back 9

impotence, asthma, CV (bradycardia, CHF, AV block), CNS (sedation, sleep alterations)

Front 10

adverse effects of hydralazine? (class?)

Back 10

nausea, HA, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention (vasodilator)

Front 11

what do you give w/ hydralizine and minoxidil to prevent reflex tachydardia?`

Back 11

beta blockers

Front 12

adverse effects of minoxidil? (class?)

Back 12

hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention (vasodilator)

Front 13

adverse effects nifedipine/verapamil?

Back 13

dizziness, flishing, constipation (verapamil), nausea

Front 14

adverse effects of nitroprusside?

Back 14

cyanide toxicity (releases CN)

Front 15

adverse effects of captopril?

Back 15

hyperkalemia, Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy proglems (fetal renal damage), Rash, Increased renin, Lower angiotensin II

Front 16

adverse effects of losartan?

Back 16

fetal renal toxicity, hyperkalemia

Front 17

MOA of hydralazine?

Back 17

increased cGMP causes sm musc relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction

Front 18

Use of hydralazine?

Back 18

severe HTN, CHF

Front 19

What are nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem?

Back 19

ccbs

Front 20

MOA of CCBs?

Back 20

block voltage dependet L-type Ca channels of cardiac and sm musc….reduces contractility

Front 21

Which CCB has the greatest effect on sm muscle? Cardiac muscle?

Back 21

nifedipine (sm musc); verapamil (heart)

Front 22

MOA of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate?

Back 22

release NO in sm muscle causing increased cGMP. Dilates veins >> arteries. Decreases preload

Front 23

What is Monday Disease?

Back 23

development of tolerance to nitroglycerin during the week and loss of tolerance over the weekend resulting in tachycardia, dizziness and HA

Front 24

MOA of digitalis?

Back 24

inhibits Na/K ATPase causing increased intracellular Na. Na/Ca antiport cannot function well so there is an increased intracellular Ca…positive inotropy

Front 25

Toxicity of digitalis?

Back 25

N/V, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision (van gogh). Arrhythmia

Front 26

Effect of hypokalemia on dig toxicity?

Back 26

potentiates effects

Front 27

effect of quinidine on dig toxicity?

Back 27

decrases dig clearance; dispalces dig from tissue binding sites

Front 28

Antidote to digoxin?

Back 28

slowly normalize K, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-dig Fab fragments

Front 29

What are the Class IA antiarrhythmics?

Back 29

Quinidine Amiodarone, Procainamide Disopyramide (queen amy proclaims diso's pyramid)

Front 30

MOA for Class I antiarrhythmics?

Back 30

Na channel blockers

Front 31

Effects of Class I antiarrhytmics?

Back 31

slows/blocks conduction, decreased slope of phase 4 depol, increased threshold for firing in pacemakers

Front 32

Class IA antiarrhytmics for atria, ventricles or both?

Back 32

both

Front 33

Effects of Class IA antiarrhytmics?

Back 33

increasd AP duration, increased effective refractory period, increased QT interval

Front 34

Quinidine toxicity?

Back 34

cinchonism (HA, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, TDP)

Front 35

Procainamide toxicity?

Back 35

reversible SLE-like syndrome

Front 36

What are the class IB antiarrhythmics?

Back 36

lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide

Front 37

Effects of Class IB antiarrhythmics?

Back 37

decreased AP duration

Front 38

Indications of class IB antiarhytmics?

Back 38

acute ventricular arrhytmia and digitalis induced arrhytmia

Front 39

Toxicity of class IB antiarrhythmics?

Back 39

local anesthetic. CNS stimulation/depression. CV depression

Front 40

What are the class IC antiarrhythmics?

Back 40

Flecainide, encainide, propafenone

Front 41

Effect of IC antiarrhythmics on AP duration?

Back 41

none

Front 42

Indications of class IC antiarrhythmics?

Back 42

V-tachs that progress to VF and intractable SVT. Usually only last resort in refractory tachyarrhythmias

Front 43

Class IC antiarrhythmic toxicity?

Back 43

proarrhythmic post MI. (contraindicated)

Front 44

MOA of Class II antiarrhytmics?

Back 44

beta blockers (decreased cAMP, decreased Ca currents) decreased slope of phase 4, increased PR

Front 45

What is the shortest acting Class II antiarrhythmic?

Back 45

esmolol

Front 46

MOA of class III antiarrhythmics?

Back 46

K channel blockers

Front 47

Effect of class III antiarrhythmics?

Back 47

increasd AP duration, increased effective refractory period, increased QT interval (like class IA)

Front 48

What are the class III antiarrhytmics?

Back 48

sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone

Front 49

Sotalol toxicity?

Back 49

TDP, excessive beta blocking

Front 50

Ibutilide toxicity?

Back 50

TDP, excessive beta blocking

Front 51

Amiodarone toxicity?

Back 51

check PFTs, LFTs, TFTs. pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hepatotoxicity, skin deposits (photodermatitis), neurologic effects, constipation, CV (bradycardia, heart block, CHF), hyper/hypothyroidism

Front 52

What are the class IV antiarrhythmics?

Back 52

verapamil, diltiazem

Front 53

MOA of class IV antiarrhytmics?

Back 53

CCBs

Front 54

effects of class IV antiarrhythmics?

Back 54

primarily on AV nodal cells. Decreased conduciton velocity, increased effective refractory period, increased PR.

Front 55

Primary use of class IV antiarrhytmics?

Back 55

prevention of nodal arrhythmias (SVT)

Front 56

Class IV antiarrhytmic toxicity?

Back 56

constipation, flushing, edema CV (CHG, AV block, sinus node deprresion) TDP

Front 57

What do you use adenosine for (arrhythmia)?

Back 57

diagnosis/abolishment of AV nodal arrhythmias

Front 58

What do you use K for (arrhythmia)?

Back 58

depresses ectopic pacemakers, especially in digoxin toxicity

Front 59

What do you use Mg for (arrhythmia)?

Back 59

TDP and digoxin toxicity